Prediction of oak wood mechanical properties based on vibratory tests
Visual grading of timber downgrades wood mechanical properties comparing to machine grading [1]. The most widely recognized grading machines are based on resonance frequency measured from vibratory tests. The prediction of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) can be accurately determined with these vibratory methods [2]. However it is more difficult to predict the modulus of rupture (MOR) especially in the case of low correlation between MOE and MOR. Indeed, this work concerns low grades of French oak for which the coefficient of determination between MOE and MOR equals 0.4. The present paper presents a deeper exploitation of output parameters of vibratory tests in the aim of a better prediction of the MOR. To achieve that, two statistical methods are introduced. The first one is Partial Least Squares (PLS) for which each amplitude of the spectrum is considered as a predictive variable. The same method has been used before for larch species [3] but in this latter work the predict ion s of MOE and MOR depended on board's section and percussion impact. In the present study, these effects have been removed thanks to a normalization of the signal. The second method relies on global output parameters of vibratory tests (Young modulus, shear modulus, density… etc) totaling 31 parameter s. A stepwise regression is applied to reveal the most correlated parameters to observations (MOE or MOR). For a set of 150 oak boards with different sections, the efficiency of models is evaluated through the coefficient of determination between the predictive values and values obtained thanks to four points bending tests (MOE and MOR). To estimate the performance of models, a cross validation technique is used and consists in partitioning the original sample into a calibrating set to set the model, and a validating set to evaluate it. At the end of cross validation, the root mean square of cross validation (RMSECV) is calculated. Table 1 shows a comparison of the two proposed methods and the usual one for MOE and MOR prediction. Stepwise technique improves the prediction of MOE and reduces the error of prediction comparing to a compression vibratory test based only on the first Eigen frequency. PLS is more adequate to predict the MOR and enhance the coefficient of determination from 0.27 to 0.63 and the RMSECV has been reduced by 2 MPa. However, it is difficult to compare PLS and Stepwise methods because their RMSECV is close. These results are being confirmed by a large experimental campaign including 450 boards of French oak.
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | conference_item biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
TU Verlag
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| Subjects: | K50 - Technologie des produits forestiers, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, |
| Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/584658/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/584658/8/ID584658.pdf |
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| Summary: | Visual grading of timber downgrades wood mechanical properties comparing to machine grading [1]. The most widely recognized grading machines are based on resonance frequency measured from vibratory tests. The prediction of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) can be accurately determined with these vibratory methods [2]. However it is more difficult to predict the modulus of rupture (MOR) especially in the case of low correlation between MOE and MOR. Indeed, this work concerns low grades of French oak for which the coefficient of determination between MOE and MOR equals 0.4. The present paper presents a deeper exploitation of output parameters of vibratory tests in the aim of a better prediction of the MOR. To achieve that, two statistical methods are introduced. The first one is Partial Least Squares (PLS) for which each amplitude of the spectrum is considered as a predictive variable. The same method has been used before for larch species [3] but in this latter work the predict ion s of MOE and MOR depended on board's section and percussion impact. In the present study, these effects have been removed thanks to a normalization of the signal. The second method relies on global output parameters of vibratory tests (Young modulus, shear modulus, density… etc) totaling 31 parameter s. A stepwise regression is applied to reveal the most correlated parameters to observations (MOE or MOR). For a set of 150 oak boards with different sections, the efficiency of models is evaluated through the coefficient of determination between the predictive values and values obtained thanks to four points bending tests (MOE and MOR). To estimate the performance of models, a cross validation technique is used and consists in partitioning the original sample into a calibrating set to set the model, and a validating set to evaluate it. At the end of cross validation, the root mean square of cross validation (RMSECV) is calculated. Table 1 shows a comparison of the two proposed methods and the usual one for MOE and MOR prediction. Stepwise technique improves the prediction of MOE and reduces the error of prediction comparing to a compression vibratory test based only on the first Eigen frequency. PLS is more adequate to predict the MOR and enhance the coefficient of determination from 0.27 to 0.63 and the RMSECV has been reduced by 2 MPa. However, it is difficult to compare PLS and Stepwise methods because their RMSECV is close. These results are being confirmed by a large experimental campaign including 450 boards of French oak. |
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