Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us?
Much work on the impact of past climatic fluctuations on the structure, distribution and genesis of biodiversity in Central Africa has focused on contrasts between rainforest and savannah biomes, and to a lesser extent on montane vs. lowland rainforests. Each of these biomes is characterized by different dominant plant taxa: grasses in savannahs, diverse tree species in lowland rainforests, and a relatively small number of tree species, distinct often at the familial level, in montane rainforests. These dominant taxa are in turn characterized by distinctive macro- and microfossils, and in the case of savannah and forest by different carbon isotopic signatures. Shifts in their distribution in space and time are thus evident in the fossil record. In contrast, much less is known about the historical biogeography of two more subtly contrasting kinds of communities, namely the lowland and submontane Guineo-Congolian rainforests. Floras and faunas of these two elevational zones include many related, but ecologically distinct, species, subspecies or ecotypes, and the broader application of molecular phylogeography is likely to reveal many further cases of cryptic genetic differentiation in relation to elevation. Whereas many submontane taxa have vicariant species essentially in lowland forests (e.g., Allanblackia, Pterygota, Scaphopetalum), some have more relatives at higher altitudes (e.g., Ocotea, Syzygium), suggesting different evolutionary histories. Pollen grains of related lowland and submontane plants are usually indistinguishable, and pollen spectra of lowland and submontane plant assemblages may be difficult to distinguish at best. Thus, the fossil record is largely silent on how climatic fluctuations have affected the distribution of lowland and submontane forests and their distinctive biodiversity, and palynologists and paleoecologists have accorded relatively little attention to the question. Nevertheless, this component of the biotic response to climatic change is most interesting in evolutionary terms, for its study often reveals speciation events that are recent, or even still in progress. After a brief review of biogeographical patterns in African submontane forests, we examine in detail how the different responses of ants to plants to elevational gradients has promoted the diversification of symbiotic ant/plant mutualisms within Guineo-Congolian rainforests, contributing to both the genesis of biodiversity (in speciation-engine "cradles") and its preservation against extinction (in refugial "museums"). (Texte intégral)
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Subjects: | K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, F40 - Écologie végétale, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, biodiversité, forêt tropicale, écologie forestière, biogéographie, région d'altitude, écologie, histoire naturelle, symbiose, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432, |
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K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 |
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K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 Mc Key, Doyle Doumenge, Charles Gonmadje, Christelle Senterre, Bruno Achoundong, Gaston Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
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Much work on the impact of past climatic fluctuations on the structure, distribution and genesis of biodiversity in Central Africa has focused on contrasts between rainforest and savannah biomes, and to a lesser extent on montane vs. lowland rainforests. Each of these biomes is characterized by different dominant plant taxa: grasses in savannahs, diverse tree species in lowland rainforests, and a relatively small number of tree species, distinct often at the familial level, in montane rainforests. These dominant taxa are in turn characterized by distinctive macro- and microfossils, and in the case of savannah and forest by different carbon isotopic signatures. Shifts in their distribution in space and time are thus evident in the fossil record. In contrast, much less is known about the historical biogeography of two more subtly contrasting kinds of communities, namely the lowland and submontane Guineo-Congolian rainforests. Floras and faunas of these two elevational zones include many related, but ecologically distinct, species, subspecies or ecotypes, and the broader application of molecular phylogeography is likely to reveal many further cases of cryptic genetic differentiation in relation to elevation. Whereas many submontane taxa have vicariant species essentially in lowland forests (e.g., Allanblackia, Pterygota, Scaphopetalum), some have more relatives at higher altitudes (e.g., Ocotea, Syzygium), suggesting different evolutionary histories. Pollen grains of related lowland and submontane plants are usually indistinguishable, and pollen spectra of lowland and submontane plant assemblages may be difficult to distinguish at best. Thus, the fossil record is largely silent on how climatic fluctuations have affected the distribution of lowland and submontane forests and their distinctive biodiversity, and palynologists and paleoecologists have accorded relatively little attention to the question. Nevertheless, this component of the biotic response to climatic change is most interesting in evolutionary terms, for its study often reveals speciation events that are recent, or even still in progress. After a brief review of biogeographical patterns in African submontane forests, we examine in detail how the different responses of ants to plants to elevational gradients has promoted the diversification of symbiotic ant/plant mutualisms within Guineo-Congolian rainforests, contributing to both the genesis of biodiversity (in speciation-engine "cradles") and its preservation against extinction (in refugial "museums"). (Texte intégral) |
format |
conference_item |
topic_facet |
K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 |
author |
Mc Key, Doyle Doumenge, Charles Gonmadje, Christelle Senterre, Bruno Achoundong, Gaston |
author_facet |
Mc Key, Doyle Doumenge, Charles Gonmadje, Christelle Senterre, Bruno Achoundong, Gaston |
author_sort |
Mc Key, Doyle |
title |
Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
title_short |
Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
title_full |
Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
title_fullStr |
Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
title_sort |
submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to african biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? |
publisher |
s.n. |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/564782/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/564782/1/document_564782.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mckeydoyle submontaneforeststheirecologyhistoryandcontributiontoafricanbiodiversitywhatdoantplantsymbiosestellus AT doumengecharles submontaneforeststheirecologyhistoryandcontributiontoafricanbiodiversitywhatdoantplantsymbiosestellus AT gonmadjechristelle submontaneforeststheirecologyhistoryandcontributiontoafricanbiodiversitywhatdoantplantsymbiosestellus AT senterrebruno submontaneforeststheirecologyhistoryandcontributiontoafricanbiodiversitywhatdoantplantsymbiosestellus AT achoundonggaston submontaneforeststheirecologyhistoryandcontributiontoafricanbiodiversitywhatdoantplantsymbiosestellus |
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dig-cirad-fr-5647822024-01-28T20:34:01Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/564782/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/564782/ Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? Mc Key Doyle, Doumenge Charles, Gonmadje Christelle, Senterre Bruno, Achoundong Gaston. 2012. In : Colloque de l'Académie des Sciences, Impact d'une crise environnementale majeure sur les espèces, les populations et les communautés : la fragmentation de la forêt africaine à la fin de l'Holocène, Paris, France, 1-2 mars 2012. Fondation Simone et Cino d. s.l. : s.n., Résumé, 47. Colloque de l'Académie des Sciences/Impact d¿une crise environnementale majeure sur les espèces, les populations et les communautés : la fragmentation de la forêt africaine à la fin de l'Holocène, Paris, France, 1 Mars 2012/2 Mars 2012. Submontane forests, their ecology, history and contribution to African biodiversity: what do ant/plant symbioses tell us? Mc Key, Doyle Doumenge, Charles Gonmadje, Christelle Senterre, Bruno Achoundong, Gaston eng 2012 s.n. Colloque de l'Académie des Sciences, Impact d'une crise environnementale majeure sur les espèces, les populations et les communautés : la fragmentation de la forêt africaine à la fin de l'Holocène, Paris, France, 1-2 mars 2012 K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales F40 - Écologie végétale F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie biodiversité forêt tropicale écologie forestière biogéographie région d'altitude écologie histoire naturelle symbiose http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33949 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24904 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3044 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_915 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3614 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5088 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7563 Afrique centrale http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1432 Much work on the impact of past climatic fluctuations on the structure, distribution and genesis of biodiversity in Central Africa has focused on contrasts between rainforest and savannah biomes, and to a lesser extent on montane vs. lowland rainforests. Each of these biomes is characterized by different dominant plant taxa: grasses in savannahs, diverse tree species in lowland rainforests, and a relatively small number of tree species, distinct often at the familial level, in montane rainforests. These dominant taxa are in turn characterized by distinctive macro- and microfossils, and in the case of savannah and forest by different carbon isotopic signatures. Shifts in their distribution in space and time are thus evident in the fossil record. In contrast, much less is known about the historical biogeography of two more subtly contrasting kinds of communities, namely the lowland and submontane Guineo-Congolian rainforests. Floras and faunas of these two elevational zones include many related, but ecologically distinct, species, subspecies or ecotypes, and the broader application of molecular phylogeography is likely to reveal many further cases of cryptic genetic differentiation in relation to elevation. Whereas many submontane taxa have vicariant species essentially in lowland forests (e.g., Allanblackia, Pterygota, Scaphopetalum), some have more relatives at higher altitudes (e.g., Ocotea, Syzygium), suggesting different evolutionary histories. Pollen grains of related lowland and submontane plants are usually indistinguishable, and pollen spectra of lowland and submontane plant assemblages may be difficult to distinguish at best. Thus, the fossil record is largely silent on how climatic fluctuations have affected the distribution of lowland and submontane forests and their distinctive biodiversity, and palynologists and paleoecologists have accorded relatively little attention to the question. Nevertheless, this component of the biotic response to climatic change is most interesting in evolutionary terms, for its study often reveals speciation events that are recent, or even still in progress. After a brief review of biogeographical patterns in African submontane forests, we examine in detail how the different responses of ants to plants to elevational gradients has promoted the diversification of symbiotic ant/plant mutualisms within Guineo-Congolian rainforests, contributing to both the genesis of biodiversity (in speciation-engine "cradles") and its preservation against extinction (in refugial "museums"). (Texte intégral) conference_item info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject Conference info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/564782/1/document_564782.pdf application/pdf Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html |