Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve
During the early and mid-1990s, the buffer zone of Mexico's Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche state (see Map 1) was home to a pervasive program of integrated conservation-development. Because these projects saw high levels of local participation, Calakmul attracted the interest of Mexican and international environmentalists who saw the region as an example of the possibilities for community-based conservation. This paper outlines the content of those programs as well as challenges to their success. In particular, the paper describes how a government-farmer relationship built on patronage and land distribution is at odds with conservation programs that take land out of the agricultural base and anticipate a sustainable economy that has yet to develop. The desire for land is an enduring, politicized issue in Calakmul. This issue is so strong that government authorities have not been able to enforce changes in the Mexican constitution (Article 27) that ended the distribution of farm lands. These constitutional changes took place in 1991, and since that time, authorities have created two new farm communities in Calakmul in order to protect the Reserve from land invasions.
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Subjects: | Conservación de los recursos naturales, Política ambiental, Espacios naturales protegidos, Protección del patrimonio cultural, Artfrosur, |
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Conservación de los recursos naturales Política ambiental Espacios naturales protegidos Protección del patrimonio cultural Artfrosur Conservación de los recursos naturales Política ambiental Espacios naturales protegidos Protección del patrimonio cultural Artfrosur |
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Conservación de los recursos naturales Política ambiental Espacios naturales protegidos Protección del patrimonio cultural Artfrosur Conservación de los recursos naturales Política ambiental Espacios naturales protegidos Protección del patrimonio cultural Artfrosur Haenn, Nora autor/a 15372 Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
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During the early and mid-1990s, the buffer zone of Mexico's Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche state (see Map 1) was home to a pervasive program of integrated conservation-development. Because these projects saw high levels of local participation, Calakmul attracted the interest of Mexican and international environmentalists who saw the region as an example of the possibilities for community-based conservation. This paper outlines the content of those programs as well as challenges to their success. In particular, the paper describes how a government-farmer relationship built on patronage and land distribution is at odds with conservation programs that take land out of the agricultural base and anticipate a sustainable economy that has yet to develop. The desire for land is an enduring, politicized issue in Calakmul. This issue is so strong that government authorities have not been able to enforce changes in the Mexican constitution (Article 27) that ended the distribution of farm lands. These constitutional changes took place in 1991, and since that time, authorities have created two new farm communities in Calakmul in order to protect the Reserve from land invasions. |
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Conservación de los recursos naturales Política ambiental Espacios naturales protegidos Protección del patrimonio cultural Artfrosur |
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Haenn, Nora autor/a 15372 |
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Haenn, Nora autor/a 15372 |
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Haenn, Nora autor/a 15372 |
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Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
title_short |
Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
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Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
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Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
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Biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve |
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biodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the calakmul biosphere reserve |
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http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/1526/diversity_in_use.pdf?sequence=1 |
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AT haennnoraautora15372 biodiversityisdiversityinusecommunitybasedconservationinthecalakmulbiospherereserve |
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KOHA-OAI-ECOSUR:445072023-06-21T11:27:15ZBiodiversity is diversity in use community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve Haenn, Nora autor/a 15372 textengDuring the early and mid-1990s, the buffer zone of Mexico's Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche state (see Map 1) was home to a pervasive program of integrated conservation-development. Because these projects saw high levels of local participation, Calakmul attracted the interest of Mexican and international environmentalists who saw the region as an example of the possibilities for community-based conservation. This paper outlines the content of those programs as well as challenges to their success. In particular, the paper describes how a government-farmer relationship built on patronage and land distribution is at odds with conservation programs that take land out of the agricultural base and anticipate a sustainable economy that has yet to develop. The desire for land is an enduring, politicized issue in Calakmul. This issue is so strong that government authorities have not been able to enforce changes in the Mexican constitution (Article 27) that ended the distribution of farm lands. These constitutional changes took place in 1991, and since that time, authorities have created two new farm communities in Calakmul in order to protect the Reserve from land invasions.A focus on government-farmer relations is especially relevant to Calakmul where many conservation-development programs began as part of an attempt by Mexico's ruling PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional or Institutional Revolutionary Party) to win regional political support. As I will show, party organizers used conservationdevelopment to counter local opposition to the Reserve and the PRI. Organizers promoted a local farm organization which, with strong federal support, administered conservation-development programs in the region. The farm organization also was linked closely to Reserve management. Success in this politicking created a complex setting where farm leaders promoted themselves as stewards of Calakmul's ecology. Privately, farmers resisted conservation programs that they believed threatened their subsistence. This combination of electoral politics and local control of environmental management created a powerful local movement in Calakmul in which Calakmul's people pressed for increased financial aid. This movement was ambiguous about its commitment to conservation in the form of protected areas.During the early and mid-1990s, the buffer zone of Mexico's Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche state (see Map 1) was home to a pervasive program of integrated conservation-development. Because these projects saw high levels of local participation, Calakmul attracted the interest of Mexican and international environmentalists who saw the region as an example of the possibilities for community-based conservation. This paper outlines the content of those programs as well as challenges to their success. In particular, the paper describes how a government-farmer relationship built on patronage and land distribution is at odds with conservation programs that take land out of the agricultural base and anticipate a sustainable economy that has yet to develop. The desire for land is an enduring, politicized issue in Calakmul. This issue is so strong that government authorities have not been able to enforce changes in the Mexican constitution (Article 27) that ended the distribution of farm lands. These constitutional changes took place in 1991, and since that time, authorities have created two new farm communities in Calakmul in order to protect the Reserve from land invasions.A focus on government-farmer relations is especially relevant to Calakmul where many conservation-development programs began as part of an attempt by Mexico's ruling PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional or Institutional Revolutionary Party) to win regional political support. As I will show, party organizers used conservationdevelopment to counter local opposition to the Reserve and the PRI. Organizers promoted a local farm organization which, with strong federal support, administered conservation-development programs in the region. The farm organization also was linked closely to Reserve management. Success in this politicking created a complex setting where farm leaders promoted themselves as stewards of Calakmul's ecology. Privately, farmers resisted conservation programs that they believed threatened their subsistence. This combination of electoral politics and local control of environmental management created a powerful local movement in Calakmul in which Calakmul's people pressed for increased financial aid. This movement was ambiguous about its commitment to conservation in the form of protected areas.Adobe Acrobat 6.0 professional o superiorConservación de los recursos naturalesPolítica ambientalEspacios naturales protegidosProtección del patrimonio culturalArtfrosurDisponible en líneaAmerica Verde Working Papershttp://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10524/1526/diversity_in_use.pdf?sequence=1Acceso en línea sin restricciones |