Les ressources génétiques des caféiers: collecte, gestion d'un conservatoire et évaluation de la diversité génétique
This document is a trip in the world of coffee genetic resources. Three fields of activities are evolved: collects of wild coffee-trees, conservation in field and evaluation of genetic diversity. We report unpublished results on diversity structure in East Africa. We propose a new interpretation of the coffee-tree story, describe the evolutive organization of multispecific complex and express propositions for guaranteing long-term preservation of diversity. Coffee collects in subgenus Coffea, which contents all agronomically interesting species, have been conducted in all area of distribution, in Africa and Madagascar. With the example of a prospection in Cameroon, we discuss the practical use of collect strategy and taxonomic criteria of coffee-tree reconnaissance. New taxa, with original characters, can still be discovered nowadays. Coffee-trees are abundant in tropical forests of Africa and Madagascar. They can witness the evolution of these ecosystems. Collected material (about 20.000 genotypes, belonging to 70 taxa) is conserved in three main centers: in Ethiopia, in Ivory Coast and in Madagascar. Unique collections are maintained in Ivory Coast and Madagascar. As coffee seeds, like seeds of many tropical fruit trees, do not withstand high dessiccation, genetic resources must be conserved in field. This method induces problems of cost and occupied areas. The organization of the GRC (Genetic Resources Center) of African coffee-trees, in Ivory Coast, is described for pointing out advantages of such structure of conservation: security of preservation, adaptation of cultural practices, specialization of personnel, availability of material and informations, and decrease of maintenance cost. We have built a database, BASECAFE, in order to manage automatically the conserved material (about 7.800 wild genotypes) and to record evaluation data. For standardizing data records, we have defined a descriptor list adapted to studies of the diversity
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| Format: | biblioteca |
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París (Francia)
1991
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| Subjects: | COFFEA, RECURSOS GENETICOS, VARIACION GENETICA, POLIMORFISMO, COLECCION DE PLANTAS, CONSERVACION DEL GERMOPLASMA, TAXONOMIA, AFRICA OCCIDENTAL, |
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| Summary: | This document is a trip in the world of coffee genetic resources. Three fields of activities are evolved: collects of wild coffee-trees, conservation in field and evaluation of genetic diversity. We report unpublished results on diversity structure in East Africa. We propose a new interpretation of the coffee-tree story, describe the evolutive organization of multispecific complex and express propositions for guaranteing long-term preservation of diversity. Coffee collects in subgenus Coffea, which contents all agronomically interesting species, have been conducted in all area of distribution, in Africa and Madagascar. With the example of a prospection in Cameroon, we discuss the practical use of collect strategy and taxonomic criteria of coffee-tree reconnaissance. New taxa, with original characters, can still be discovered nowadays. Coffee-trees are abundant in tropical forests of Africa and Madagascar. They can witness the evolution of these ecosystems. Collected material (about 20.000 genotypes, belonging to 70 taxa) is conserved in three main centers: in Ethiopia, in Ivory Coast and in Madagascar. Unique collections are maintained in Ivory Coast and Madagascar. As coffee seeds, like seeds of many tropical fruit trees, do not withstand high dessiccation, genetic resources must be conserved in field. This method induces problems of cost and occupied areas. The organization of the GRC (Genetic Resources Center) of African coffee-trees, in Ivory Coast, is described for pointing out advantages of such structure of conservation: security of preservation, adaptation of cultural practices, specialization of personnel, availability of material and informations, and decrease of maintenance cost. We have built a database, BASECAFE, in order to manage automatically the conserved material (about 7.800 wild genotypes) and to record evaluation data. For standardizing data records, we have defined a descriptor list adapted to studies of the diversity |
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