Secondary metabolism in tissue cultures of Theobroma cacao
A synthetic medium was developed for the routine subculture of callus and cells suspensions of cocoa. All growth hormones and the coconut milk (CM) supplement of previous media were replaced by indole butyric acid (IBA) and zeatin, at concentrations of 1 mg 1 exponet -1 IBA and 0.05 mg 1 exponent -1 zeatin for callus and 10 mg 1 exponent -1 IBA and 0.5 mg 1 exponent -1 zeatin for cell suspension cultures. During the exponential phase of the growth cycle on this medium, the total phenolics in the callus and cell suspensions declined but them increased at onset of the stationary phase and finally declined again with cell senescence. The flavonoid compositions of the callus and cell suspension were similar and much less varied than that of the original intact cotyledon. Both tissue cultures contained epicatechin, leucocyanidins, caffeic and coumaric acids, all of which are thought to act as flavor precursors when in the intact fermented cotyledon. The methylated purines, theobromine and caffeine, could not be detected in the tissue cultures even in the presence of high nitrate levels in the medium. When precursors of theobromine synthesis such as xanthine, hypoxanthine and 7-methyl-xanthosine, were fed to the cells, theobromine was formed only when the cells were incubated with 7-methyl-xanthosine, and a methyl donor, methionine, suggesting that part of the biosynthetic route to theobromine synthesis is still functional in the tissue culture
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | biblioteca |
| Published: |
1979
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| Subjects: | CULTIVO DE TEJIDOS, THEOBROMA CACAO, CALLO, METABOLISMO, FLAVONOIDES, PURINAS, MEDIO DE CULTIVO, PRECURSORES DE ENZIMAS, COMPOSICION QUIMICA, |
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| Summary: | A synthetic medium was developed for the routine subculture of callus and cells suspensions of cocoa. All growth hormones and the coconut milk (CM) supplement of previous media were replaced by indole butyric acid (IBA) and zeatin, at concentrations of 1 mg 1 exponet -1 IBA and 0.05 mg 1 exponent -1 zeatin for callus and 10 mg 1 exponent -1 IBA and 0.5 mg 1 exponent -1 zeatin for cell suspension cultures. During the exponential phase of the growth cycle on this medium, the total phenolics in the callus and cell suspensions declined but them increased at onset of the stationary phase and finally declined again with cell senescence. The flavonoid compositions of the callus and cell suspension were similar and much less varied than that of the original intact cotyledon. Both tissue cultures contained epicatechin, leucocyanidins, caffeic and coumaric acids, all of which are thought to act as flavor precursors when in the intact fermented cotyledon. The methylated purines, theobromine and caffeine, could not be detected in the tissue cultures even in the presence of high nitrate levels in the medium. When precursors of theobromine synthesis such as xanthine, hypoxanthine and 7-methyl-xanthosine, were fed to the cells, theobromine was formed only when the cells were incubated with 7-methyl-xanthosine, and a methyl donor, methionine, suggesting that part of the biosynthetic route to theobromine synthesis is still functional in the tissue culture |
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