Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L.
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals and chocolates have been identified as a contributor to the human dietary Cd intake. One hundred accessions representing the various genetic groups and hybrid populations in Theobroma cacao L. held at the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad were evaluated for leaf and bean cadmium levels with three tree replications. Representative samples of soil from the drip zone around each tree were evaluated for bio available cadmium. Although there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among genetic groups for leaf and bean Cd much of the variation was between accessions. Therewas a 13-fold variation in bean Cd and a 7-fold variation in leaf Cd between accessions despite the bio available Cd in the soil being uniform. There were differences in the level of partitioning into beans evident by significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) in bean Cd as a percentage of the cumulative leaf and bean Cd concentration (15–52%) between accessions. Although in general there was a higher concentration of cadmium in the testa than the cotyledon of the cocoa bean there was considerable genetic variation. These results point to the potential of using a genetic strategy to mitigate cadmium within cocoa beans either through breeding or through the use of low cadmium uptake root stocks in grafting. The results will fuel further work into the understanding of mechanisms and genetics of cadmium uptake and partitioning in cocoa.
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Amsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier
2018
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Subjects: | Theobroma cacao, Cadmium, Bioaccumulation, Mitigation, Chocolate, |
Online Access: | https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UdmikP6YoVihcXfc436GMRPKOfOAJLUZ?usp=sharing |
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KOHA-OAI-BVE:1504362022-10-27T04:23:51ZGenetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. Lewis, Caleb Lennon, Adrian Eudoxie, Gaius Umaharan, Pathmanathan textAmsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier2018ng Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals and chocolates have been identified as a contributor to the human dietary Cd intake. One hundred accessions representing the various genetic groups and hybrid populations in Theobroma cacao L. held at the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad were evaluated for leaf and bean cadmium levels with three tree replications. Representative samples of soil from the drip zone around each tree were evaluated for bio available cadmium. Although there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among genetic groups for leaf and bean Cd much of the variation was between accessions. Therewas a 13-fold variation in bean Cd and a 7-fold variation in leaf Cd between accessions despite the bio available Cd in the soil being uniform. There were differences in the level of partitioning into beans evident by significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) in bean Cd as a percentage of the cumulative leaf and bean Cd concentration (15–52%) between accessions. Although in general there was a higher concentration of cadmium in the testa than the cotyledon of the cocoa bean there was considerable genetic variation. These results point to the potential of using a genetic strategy to mitigate cadmium within cocoa beans either through breeding or through the use of low cadmium uptake root stocks in grafting. The results will fuel further work into the understanding of mechanisms and genetics of cadmium uptake and partitioning in cocoa.Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals and chocolates have been identified as a contributor to the human dietary Cd intake. One hundred accessions representing the various genetic groups and hybrid populations in Theobroma cacao L. held at the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad were evaluated for leaf and bean cadmium levels with three tree replications. Representative samples of soil from the drip zone around each tree were evaluated for bio available cadmium. Although there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among genetic groups for leaf and bean Cd much of the variation was between accessions. Therewas a 13-fold variation in bean Cd and a 7-fold variation in leaf Cd between accessions despite the bio available Cd in the soil being uniform. There were differences in the level of partitioning into beans evident by significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) in bean Cd as a percentage of the cumulative leaf and bean Cd concentration (15–52%) between accessions. Although in general there was a higher concentration of cadmium in the testa than the cotyledon of the cocoa bean there was considerable genetic variation. These results point to the potential of using a genetic strategy to mitigate cadmium within cocoa beans either through breeding or through the use of low cadmium uptake root stocks in grafting. The results will fuel further work into the understanding of mechanisms and genetics of cadmium uptake and partitioning in cocoa.Theobroma cacaoCadmiumBioaccumulationMitigationChocolatehttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UdmikP6YoVihcXfc436GMRPKOfOAJLUZ?usp=sharing |
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Theobroma cacao Cadmium Bioaccumulation Mitigation Chocolate Theobroma cacao Cadmium Bioaccumulation Mitigation Chocolate |
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Theobroma cacao Cadmium Bioaccumulation Mitigation Chocolate Theobroma cacao Cadmium Bioaccumulation Mitigation Chocolate Lewis, Caleb Lennon, Adrian Eudoxie, Gaius Umaharan, Pathmanathan Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
description |
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals and chocolates have been
identified as a contributor to the human dietary Cd intake. One hundred accessions representing the various genetic
groups and hybrid populations in Theobroma cacao L. held at the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad
were evaluated for leaf and bean cadmium levels with three tree replications. Representative samples of soil
from the drip zone around each tree were evaluated for bio available cadmium. Although there were significant
differences (P ≤ 0.05) among genetic groups for leaf and bean Cd much of the variation was between accessions.
Therewas a 13-fold variation in bean Cd and a 7-fold variation in leaf Cd between accessions despite the bio available
Cd in the soil being uniform. There were differences in the level of partitioning into beans evident by significant
variation (P ≤ 0.05) in bean Cd as a percentage of the cumulative leaf and bean Cd concentration (15–52%)
between accessions. Although in general there was a higher concentration of cadmium in the testa than the cotyledon
of the cocoa bean there was considerable genetic variation. These results point to the potential of using a
genetic strategy to mitigate cadmium within cocoa beans either through breeding or through the use of low cadmium uptake
root stocks in grafting. The results will fuel further work into the understanding of mechanisms and
genetics of cadmium uptake and partitioning in cocoa. |
format |
Texto |
topic_facet |
Theobroma cacao Cadmium Bioaccumulation Mitigation Chocolate |
author |
Lewis, Caleb Lennon, Adrian Eudoxie, Gaius Umaharan, Pathmanathan |
author_facet |
Lewis, Caleb Lennon, Adrian Eudoxie, Gaius Umaharan, Pathmanathan |
author_sort |
Lewis, Caleb |
title |
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
title_short |
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
title_full |
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
title_fullStr |
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in Theobroma cacao L. |
title_sort |
genetic variation in bioaccumulation and partitioning of cadmium in theobroma cacao l. |
publisher |
Amsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UdmikP6YoVihcXfc436GMRPKOfOAJLUZ?usp=sharing |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lewiscaleb geneticvariationinbioaccumulationandpartitioningofcadmiumintheobromacacaol AT lennonadrian geneticvariationinbioaccumulationandpartitioningofcadmiumintheobromacacaol AT eudoxiegaius geneticvariationinbioaccumulationandpartitioningofcadmiumintheobromacacaol AT umaharanpathmanathan geneticvariationinbioaccumulationandpartitioningofcadmiumintheobromacacaol |
_version_ |
1756068111081013249 |