Poverty Environment Nexus : Sustainable Approaches to Poverty Reduction in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam

This is a draft edition of the Poverty Environment Nexus (PEN) report for Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. The purpose of this conference edition is to present the findings from the studies that have been undertaken in each country over the last three years as well as to obtain relevant comments and feedback from the conference participants that could be included in the final edition of the report. The material presented in this report is based upon comprehensive case studies as well as national analytical work performed in each country. This second phase of the PEN study is designed to address several of the unsolved issues faced by the first phase and within the existing PEN literature on Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. Since the earlier study found that the nexus may often be identified at disaggregated, or local, levels, the analysis in the second phase of the study was conducted both at the regional, provincial and district levels for the national studies (macro-levels) and on the district, village, commune, and household levels in the (case) studies (micro-level). This combination of macro and micro approaches results in more substantive findings, which are elaborated in detail in these elaborations, may then lead to a better scope for defining policy interventions.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2006-06
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCESS TO ASSETS, ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER, ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACID RAIN, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL USES, AGRICULTURAL YIELDS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CALORIES PER PERSON, CARBON, CASH CROPS, CASH INCOME, CENTRAL REGION, CLEAN WATER, COMMON PROPERTY, COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, CONFLICT, CONSUMPTION DATA, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, COPING MECHANISMS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, CPI, CROP YIELDS, DEFORESTATION, DRINKING WATER, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DYNAMICS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATION POVERTY, EFFLUENTS, EMISSIONS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, ETHNIC MINORITY, EXPLOITATION, FARM SECTOR, FARM WORKERS, FARMERS, FARMING SYSTEMS, FISHERIES, FOOD EXPENDITURES, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST AREAS, FOREST REGIONS, FORESTED REGIONS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY SECTOR, FOSSIL FUELS, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSING, HUMAN HEALTH, HYGIENE, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL WATER, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LACK OF WATER, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, LAND RESOURCES, LAND TENURE, LAND TITLES, LAND USE, LIVELIHOOD BASE, LIVING STANDARDS, LOGGING, LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY, MOUNTAINOUS AREAS, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATURAL ASSETS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN OXIDES, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OVERGRAZING, PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENT, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PLANT PROTECTION, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONCENTRATION, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR POPULATION, POORER AREAS, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, POVERTY DATA, POVERTY ERADICATION, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINKAGES, POVERTY MAPPING, POVERTY MAPS, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPERS, POVERTY SEVERITY, POVERTY UPDATE, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUALITY STANDARDS, REGIONAL ANALYSES, REGIONAL ANALYSIS, REGIONAL APPROACHES, REGIONAL ECOSYSTEMS, REGIONAL LEVELS, REGIONAL LINKAGES, REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE, REGIONAL RESEARCH, REGIONAL WORKSHOPS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE USE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL MIGRATION, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL WATER, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SOIL DEGRADATION, SPATIAL ANALYSIS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STREAMS, SUB-REGION, SUBSISTENCE, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TARGETING, TIMBER, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, WAR, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLIES, WELFARE DISTRIBUTION, WELFARE INDICATORS, WELFARE MEASURE, WETLANDS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/16366367/poverty-environment-nexus-sustainable-approaches-poverty-reduction-cambodia-lao-pdr-vietnam https://hdl.handle.net/10986/8283
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