Education and Conflict Recovery : The Case of Timor Leste

The Timor Leste secession conflict lasted for 25 years. Its last wave of violence in 1999, following the withdrawal of Indonesian troops, generated massive displacement and destruction with widespread consequences for the economic and social development of the country. This paper analyzes the impact of the conflict on the level and access to education of boys and girls in Timor Leste. The authors examine the short-term impact of the 1999 violence on school attendance and grade deficit rates in 2001, and the longer-term impact of the conflict on primary school completion of cohorts of children observed in 2007. They compare the educational impact of the 1999 wave of violence with the impact of other periods of high-intensity violence during the 25 years of Indonesian occupation. The short-term effects of the conflict are mixed. In the longer term, the analysis finds a strong negative impact of the conflict on primary school completion among boys of school age exposed to peaks of violence during the 25-year long conflict. The effect is stronger for boys attending the last three grades of primary school. This result shows a substantial loss of human capital among young males in Timor Leste since the early 1970s, resulting from household investment trade-offs between education and economic survival.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Justino, Patricia, Leone, Marinella, Salardi, Paola
Language:	English
Published:	2011-08-01
Subjects:	ACADEMIC YEAR, ACADEMIC YEARS, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADULTHOOD, AGE GROUPS, ARMED CONFLICT, ATTENDANCE RATE, ATTENDANCE RATES, AVERAGE SCHOOLING, BASIC EDUCATION, BOMBING, BOMBINGS, CHILD LABOR, CHILD MORTALITY, CHURCHES, CIVIL WAR, CLASSROOMS, COMPLETION RATE, CONFLICTS, CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENCE, DEATHS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION ATTAINMENT, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE, EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATION VARIABLES, EDUCATIONAL ACCESS, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, ENROLMENT OF BOYS, ENROLMENT OF GIRLS, ENROLMENT RATES, ENROLMENTS, EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, FAMILIES, FAMILY STRUCTURES, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMALE LITERACY, FEMALE LITERACY RATES, FIGHTING, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, GENDER DIFFERENTIALS, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER GAP, GENOCIDE, GIRLS, GRADE REPETITION, GROSS ENROLMENT, GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO, GROSS ENROLMENT RATIOS, GUERRILLA, HEALTH FACILITIES, HIGH DROP-OUT RATES, HIGH RATES OF REPETITION, HIGHER GRADE, HIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATION, HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERVENTIONS, LEADERSHIP, LITERACY, LITERACY RATES, LOCAL SCHOOLS, MASS COMMUNICATION, MASSACRE, MILITIA, NATIONS, NET ENROLMENT, NET ENROLMENT RATIO, NET ENROLMENT RATIOS, OLD GIRLS, OLDER CHILDREN, OLDER GIRLS, OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, POST-CONFLICT EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION OUTCOMES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATE, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES, PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVELS, PRIMARY SCHOOL YEARS, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF TEACHERS, RECONCILIATION, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES, REFUGEE, REFUGEE CAMPS, REFUGEE POPULATIONS, REHABILITATION, REPETITION RATES, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, ROADS, SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL DROP, SCHOOL ENTRY, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOL LEVELS, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOL YEARS, SCHOOL-AGE, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLING OF BOYS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, TACTICS, TEACHERS, TEXTBOOKS, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNESCO, VICTIMS, VILLAGE LEVEL, VIOLENCE, VIOLENT CONFLICT, WAR, WARFARE, WARS, YOUNG BOYS, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG MALES,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110822115108 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3536
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