Saving and Growth in Egypt

This study illustrates the mechanisms linking national saving and economic growth, with the purpose of understanding the possibilities and limits of a saving-based growth agenda in the context of the Egyptian economy. This is done through a simple theoretical model, calibrated to fit the Egyptian economy, and simulated to explore different potential scenarios. The main conclusion is that if the Egyptian economy does not experience progress in productivity -- stemming from technological innovation, improved public management, and private-sector reforms -- then a high rate of economic growth is not feasible at current rates of national saving and would require a saving effort that is highly unrealistic. For instance, financing a constant 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with no improvement in total factor productivity would require a national saving rate of around 50 percent in the first decade and 80 percent in 25 years. However, if productivity rises, sustaining and improving high rates of economic growth becomes viable. Following the previous example, a 2 percent growth rate of total factor productivity would allow a 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with national saving rate in the realistic range of 20-25 percent of gross domestic product.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hevia, Constantino, Loayza, Norman
Language:English
Published: 2011-01-01
Subjects:ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE, ANNUAL GROWTH, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, AVERAGE GROWTH, AVERAGE GROWTH RATE, BENCHMARK, BORROWER, BORROWING, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAPITAL RETURNS, CAPITAL STOCK, CONSTANT RATE, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, CURRENT ACCOUNT, DEBT, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIMINISHING RETURNS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DOMESTIC SAVING, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMERGING MARKET, EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES, EMPLOYEE, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNAL FINANCING, FACTOR ACCUMULATION, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FIRM PERFORMANCE, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN DEBT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA, GROWTH EQUATION, GROWTH MODELS, GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT, GROWTH RATES, GROWTH THEORY, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCREASED INVESTMENT, INEQUALITY, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL REFORM, INTEREST RATE, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL, INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, INVESTMENT RATE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INPUT, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL OF CAPITAL, LONG RUN, MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MACROECONOMICS, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARGINAL RETURNS, MARKET ECONOMIES, MEDIUM TERM, MONETARY POLICY, MULTINATIONAL, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL INCOME, NET EXPORTS, NEW BUSINESS, OPEN ECONOMIES, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUT GROWTH, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, PER CAPITA GROWTH, PHYSICAL CAPITAL, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY MEASURES, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PORTFOLIO, PRIVATE SAVINGS, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL, PROFITABILITY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, RATE OF GROWTH, RATE OF RETURN, RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION, REMITTANCES, RISK PREMIUM, SAVING RATE, SAVINGS, SECTOR REFORMS, SHARE OF OUTPUT, SOLVENCY, SOURCES OF FUNDS, TAX, TAX BURDEN, TAX CODE, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, TFP, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL OUTPUT, VALUATION, VALUE OF OUTPUT,
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110113095021
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3302
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institution Banco Mundial
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countrycode US
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libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
topic ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE
ANNUAL GROWTH
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
AVERAGE GROWTH
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
BENCHMARK
BORROWER
BORROWING
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL RETURNS
CAPITAL STOCK
CONSTANT RATE
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
CURRENT ACCOUNT
DEBT
DEMOGRAPHIC
DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
DIMINISHING RETURNS
DISPOSABLE INCOME
DOMESTIC SAVING
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMPLOYEE
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACTOR ACCUMULATION
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FIRM PERFORMANCE
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
GROWTH EQUATION
GROWTH MODELS
GROWTH PERFORMANCE
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT
GROWTH RATES
GROWTH THEORY
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCREASED INVESTMENT
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT RATE
LABOR FORCE
LABOR INPUT
LABOR MARKET
LEVEL OF CAPITAL
LONG RUN
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MACROECONOMICS
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
MARGINAL RETURNS
MARKET ECONOMIES
MEDIUM TERM
MONETARY POLICY
MULTINATIONAL
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
NATIONAL INCOME
NET EXPORTS
NEW BUSINESS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT GROWTH
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
PER CAPITA GROWTH
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY MEASURES
POLICY OPTIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTFOLIO
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL
PROFITABILITY
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
RATE OF GROWTH
RATE OF RETURN
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
REMITTANCES
RISK PREMIUM
SAVING RATE
SAVINGS
SECTOR REFORMS
SHARE OF OUTPUT
SOLVENCY
SOURCES OF FUNDS
TAX
TAX BURDEN
TAX CODE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TFP
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TOTAL OUTPUT
VALUATION
VALUE OF OUTPUT
ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE
ANNUAL GROWTH
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
AVERAGE GROWTH
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
BENCHMARK
BORROWER
BORROWING
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL RETURNS
CAPITAL STOCK
CONSTANT RATE
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
CURRENT ACCOUNT
DEBT
DEMOGRAPHIC
DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
DIMINISHING RETURNS
DISPOSABLE INCOME
DOMESTIC SAVING
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMPLOYEE
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACTOR ACCUMULATION
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FIRM PERFORMANCE
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
GROWTH EQUATION
GROWTH MODELS
GROWTH PERFORMANCE
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT
GROWTH RATES
GROWTH THEORY
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCREASED INVESTMENT
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT RATE
LABOR FORCE
LABOR INPUT
LABOR MARKET
LEVEL OF CAPITAL
LONG RUN
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MACROECONOMICS
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
MARGINAL RETURNS
MARKET ECONOMIES
MEDIUM TERM
MONETARY POLICY
MULTINATIONAL
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
NATIONAL INCOME
NET EXPORTS
NEW BUSINESS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT GROWTH
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
PER CAPITA GROWTH
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY MEASURES
POLICY OPTIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTFOLIO
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL
PROFITABILITY
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
RATE OF GROWTH
RATE OF RETURN
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
REMITTANCES
RISK PREMIUM
SAVING RATE
SAVINGS
SECTOR REFORMS
SHARE OF OUTPUT
SOLVENCY
SOURCES OF FUNDS
TAX
TAX BURDEN
TAX CODE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TFP
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TOTAL OUTPUT
VALUATION
VALUE OF OUTPUT
spellingShingle ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE
ANNUAL GROWTH
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
AVERAGE GROWTH
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
BENCHMARK
BORROWER
BORROWING
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL RETURNS
CAPITAL STOCK
CONSTANT RATE
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
CURRENT ACCOUNT
DEBT
DEMOGRAPHIC
DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
DIMINISHING RETURNS
DISPOSABLE INCOME
DOMESTIC SAVING
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMPLOYEE
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACTOR ACCUMULATION
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FIRM PERFORMANCE
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
GROWTH EQUATION
GROWTH MODELS
GROWTH PERFORMANCE
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT
GROWTH RATES
GROWTH THEORY
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCREASED INVESTMENT
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT RATE
LABOR FORCE
LABOR INPUT
LABOR MARKET
LEVEL OF CAPITAL
LONG RUN
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MACROECONOMICS
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
MARGINAL RETURNS
MARKET ECONOMIES
MEDIUM TERM
MONETARY POLICY
MULTINATIONAL
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
NATIONAL INCOME
NET EXPORTS
NEW BUSINESS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT GROWTH
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
PER CAPITA GROWTH
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY MEASURES
POLICY OPTIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTFOLIO
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL
PROFITABILITY
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
RATE OF GROWTH
RATE OF RETURN
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
REMITTANCES
RISK PREMIUM
SAVING RATE
SAVINGS
SECTOR REFORMS
SHARE OF OUTPUT
SOLVENCY
SOURCES OF FUNDS
TAX
TAX BURDEN
TAX CODE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TFP
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TOTAL OUTPUT
VALUATION
VALUE OF OUTPUT
ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE
ANNUAL GROWTH
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
AVERAGE GROWTH
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
BENCHMARK
BORROWER
BORROWING
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL RETURNS
CAPITAL STOCK
CONSTANT RATE
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
CURRENT ACCOUNT
DEBT
DEMOGRAPHIC
DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
DIMINISHING RETURNS
DISPOSABLE INCOME
DOMESTIC SAVING
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMPLOYEE
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACTOR ACCUMULATION
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FIRM PERFORMANCE
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
GROWTH EQUATION
GROWTH MODELS
GROWTH PERFORMANCE
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT
GROWTH RATES
GROWTH THEORY
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCREASED INVESTMENT
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT RATE
LABOR FORCE
LABOR INPUT
LABOR MARKET
LEVEL OF CAPITAL
LONG RUN
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MACROECONOMICS
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
MARGINAL RETURNS
MARKET ECONOMIES
MEDIUM TERM
MONETARY POLICY
MULTINATIONAL
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
NATIONAL INCOME
NET EXPORTS
NEW BUSINESS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT GROWTH
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
PER CAPITA GROWTH
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY MEASURES
POLICY OPTIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTFOLIO
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL
PROFITABILITY
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
RATE OF GROWTH
RATE OF RETURN
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
REMITTANCES
RISK PREMIUM
SAVING RATE
SAVINGS
SECTOR REFORMS
SHARE OF OUTPUT
SOLVENCY
SOURCES OF FUNDS
TAX
TAX BURDEN
TAX CODE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TFP
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TOTAL OUTPUT
VALUATION
VALUE OF OUTPUT
Hevia, Constantino
Loayza, Norman
Saving and Growth in Egypt
description This study illustrates the mechanisms linking national saving and economic growth, with the purpose of understanding the possibilities and limits of a saving-based growth agenda in the context of the Egyptian economy. This is done through a simple theoretical model, calibrated to fit the Egyptian economy, and simulated to explore different potential scenarios. The main conclusion is that if the Egyptian economy does not experience progress in productivity -- stemming from technological innovation, improved public management, and private-sector reforms -- then a high rate of economic growth is not feasible at current rates of national saving and would require a saving effort that is highly unrealistic. For instance, financing a constant 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with no improvement in total factor productivity would require a national saving rate of around 50 percent in the first decade and 80 percent in 25 years. However, if productivity rises, sustaining and improving high rates of economic growth becomes viable. Following the previous example, a 2 percent growth rate of total factor productivity would allow a 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with national saving rate in the realistic range of 20-25 percent of gross domestic product.
topic_facet ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE
ANNUAL GROWTH
ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
AVERAGE GROWTH
AVERAGE GROWTH RATE
BENCHMARK
BORROWER
BORROWING
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CAPITAL RETURNS
CAPITAL STOCK
CONSTANT RATE
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
CURRENT ACCOUNT
DEBT
DEMOGRAPHIC
DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
DIMINISHING RETURNS
DISPOSABLE INCOME
DOMESTIC SAVING
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
EMPLOYEE
EXPENDITURES
EXTERNAL FINANCING
FACTOR ACCUMULATION
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FIRM PERFORMANCE
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DEBT
FOREIGN INVESTORS
GDP
GDP PER CAPITA
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA
GROWTH EQUATION
GROWTH MODELS
GROWTH PERFORMANCE
GROWTH RATE
GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT
GROWTH RATES
GROWTH THEORY
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
INCREASED INVESTMENT
INEQUALITY
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL
INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT CLIMATE
INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
INVESTMENT RATE
LABOR FORCE
LABOR INPUT
LABOR MARKET
LEVEL OF CAPITAL
LONG RUN
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
MACROECONOMICS
MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY
MARGINAL RETURNS
MARKET ECONOMIES
MEDIUM TERM
MONETARY POLICY
MULTINATIONAL
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
NATIONAL INCOME
NET EXPORTS
NEW BUSINESS
OPEN ECONOMIES
OPEN ECONOMY
OUTPUT GROWTH
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
PER CAPITA GROWTH
PHYSICAL CAPITAL
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
POLICY MAKERS
POLICY MEASURES
POLICY OPTIONS
POLICY RESEARCH
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PORTFOLIO
PRIVATE SAVINGS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTION FUNCTION
PRODUCTION PROCESS
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL
PROFITABILITY
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
RATE OF GROWTH
RATE OF RETURN
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
REMITTANCES
RISK PREMIUM
SAVING RATE
SAVINGS
SECTOR REFORMS
SHARE OF OUTPUT
SOLVENCY
SOURCES OF FUNDS
TAX
TAX BURDEN
TAX CODE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
TFP
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
TOTAL OUTPUT
VALUATION
VALUE OF OUTPUT
author Hevia, Constantino
Loayza, Norman
author_facet Hevia, Constantino
Loayza, Norman
author_sort Hevia, Constantino
title Saving and Growth in Egypt
title_short Saving and Growth in Egypt
title_full Saving and Growth in Egypt
title_fullStr Saving and Growth in Egypt
title_full_unstemmed Saving and Growth in Egypt
title_sort saving and growth in egypt
publishDate 2011-01-01
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110113095021
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3302
work_keys_str_mv AT heviaconstantino savingandgrowthinegypt
AT loayzanorman savingandgrowthinegypt
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spelling dig-okr-1098633022024-08-08T15:49:39Z Saving and Growth in Egypt Hevia, Constantino Loayza, Norman ANNUAL DEPRECIATION RATE ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE GROWTH AVERAGE GROWTH RATE BENCHMARK BORROWER BORROWING CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CONSTANT RATE CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT DEMOGRAPHIC DEPRECIATION RATE OF CAPITAL DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIMINISHING RETURNS DISPOSABLE INCOME DOMESTIC SAVING EARNINGS ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES EMPLOYEE EXPENDITURES EXTERNAL FINANCING FACTOR ACCUMULATION FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SYSTEM FIRM PERFORMANCE FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DEBT FOREIGN INVESTORS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROWTH EQUATION GROWTH MODELS GROWTH PERFORMANCE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATE OF OUTPUT GROWTH RATES GROWTH THEORY HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL INCREASED INVESTMENT INEQUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INVENTORY INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES INVESTMENT RATE LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUT LABOR MARKET LEVEL OF CAPITAL LONG RUN MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MACROECONOMICS MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARGINAL RETURNS MARKET ECONOMIES MEDIUM TERM MONETARY POLICY MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL ACCOUNTS NATIONAL INCOME NET EXPORTS NEW BUSINESS OPEN ECONOMIES OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT GROWTH OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE PER CAPITA GROWTH PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY MEASURES POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY PORTFOLIO PRIVATE SAVINGS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY OF CAPITAL PROFITABILITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF RETURN RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION REMITTANCES RISK PREMIUM SAVING RATE SAVINGS SECTOR REFORMS SHARE OF OUTPUT SOLVENCY SOURCES OF FUNDS TAX TAX BURDEN TAX CODE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TFP TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL OUTPUT VALUATION VALUE OF OUTPUT This study illustrates the mechanisms linking national saving and economic growth, with the purpose of understanding the possibilities and limits of a saving-based growth agenda in the context of the Egyptian economy. This is done through a simple theoretical model, calibrated to fit the Egyptian economy, and simulated to explore different potential scenarios. The main conclusion is that if the Egyptian economy does not experience progress in productivity -- stemming from technological innovation, improved public management, and private-sector reforms -- then a high rate of economic growth is not feasible at current rates of national saving and would require a saving effort that is highly unrealistic. For instance, financing a constant 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with no improvement in total factor productivity would require a national saving rate of around 50 percent in the first decade and 80 percent in 25 years. However, if productivity rises, sustaining and improving high rates of economic growth becomes viable. Following the previous example, a 2 percent growth rate of total factor productivity would allow a 4 percent growth rate of gross domestic product per capita with national saving rate in the realistic range of 20-25 percent of gross domestic product. 2012-03-19T17:59:51Z 2012-03-19T17:59:51Z 2011-01-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110113095021 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3302 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5529 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain