Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil?
This paper addresses the potential effects of world agricultural trade liberalization on poverty and regional income distribution in Brazil, using an inter-regional applied general equilibrium (AGE) and a micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis by using a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has around 112,000 Brazilian households and 264,000 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. The simulated trade liberalization scenario causes agriculture to expand considerably and so, given the importance that agriculture still has for the poorest in Brazil, it has positive impacts on poverty in Brazil. The only states which show an increase in the number of poor households are Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where the bulk of the manufacturing activities in Brazil are concentrated. There is an even more positive impact on inequality. The higher fall in the poverty gap is shown to occur mainly on the poorest household groups, suggesting that the poorest among Brazil's poor will benefit more from global trade liberalization.
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dig-okr-1098628171 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO De Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento Horridge, Mark Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| description |
This paper addresses the potential
effects of world agricultural trade liberalization on
poverty and regional income distribution in Brazil, using an
inter-regional applied general equilibrium (AGE) and a
micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income
distribution and poverty analysis by using a detailed
representation of households. The model distinguishes 10
different labor types and has 270 different household
expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different
production activities located in 27 different regions in the
country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation
model that has around 112,000 Brazilian households and
264,000 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are
computed over the entire sample of households and persons,
before and after the policy shocks. The simulated trade
liberalization scenario causes agriculture to expand
considerably and so, given the importance that agriculture
still has for the poorest in Brazil, it has positive impacts
on poverty in Brazil. The only states which show an increase
in the number of poor households are Sao Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro, where the bulk of the manufacturing activities in
Brazil are concentrated. There is an even more positive
impact on inequality. The higher fall in the poverty gap is
shown to occur mainly on the poorest household groups,
suggesting that the poorest among Brazil's poor will
benefit more from global trade liberalization. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO |
| author |
De Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento Horridge, Mark |
| author_facet |
De Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento Horridge, Mark |
| author_sort |
De Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento |
| title |
Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| title_short |
Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| title_full |
Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| title_fullStr |
Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? |
| title_sort |
would trade liberalization help the poor of brazil? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2009-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/117051468015593889/Would-trade-liberalization-help-the-poor-of-Brazil https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28171 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT desouzaferreirafilhojoaquimbento wouldtradeliberalizationhelpthepoorofbrazil AT horridgemark wouldtradeliberalizationhelpthepoorofbrazil |
| _version_ |
1807157461547745280 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986281712024-08-08T16:01:34Z Would Trade Liberalization Help the Poor of Brazil? De Souza Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento Horridge, Mark ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WAGES AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BASE YEAR CAPITAL RETURNS CAPITAL STOCK CAPITAL STOCKS CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY DEMAND CURVES DEVALUATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME DROUGHT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS ELASTICITY ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE EXCHANGE RATE EXPORTS EXPOSURE EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY INCOME FAMILY INCOMES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM PRODUCTS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS GLOBAL POVERTY GROWTH RATE HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMPACT ON POVERTY INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME GROUP INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS OF POVERTY INEQUALITY LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MIGRATION LAND DEMAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY METROPOLITAN REGIONS MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL RESOURCES NOMINAL INCOME OCCUPATIONS OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POORER REGIONS POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY REDUCTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCT MARKETS REAL GDP REAL INCOME REAL WAGES REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL AVERAGE REGIONAL BREAKDOWN REGIONAL DIMENSION REGIONAL INCOME REGIONAL INDUSTRY REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL MODEL REGIONAL OUTPUT REGIONAL POPULATION REGIONAL POVERTY REGIONAL TRADE RENTS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME SCHOOLING SKILLED WORKERS STATIC EQUILIBRIUM SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX RATE TRADE BALANCE TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE TAXES TRANSFER PROGRAMS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNSKILLED LABOR VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WORLD TRADE WTO This paper addresses the potential effects of world agricultural trade liberalization on poverty and regional income distribution in Brazil, using an inter-regional applied general equilibrium (AGE) and a micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis by using a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has around 112,000 Brazilian households and 264,000 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. The simulated trade liberalization scenario causes agriculture to expand considerably and so, given the importance that agriculture still has for the poorest in Brazil, it has positive impacts on poverty in Brazil. The only states which show an increase in the number of poor households are Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where the bulk of the manufacturing activities in Brazil are concentrated. There is an even more positive impact on inequality. The higher fall in the poverty gap is shown to occur mainly on the poorest household groups, suggesting that the poorest among Brazil's poor will benefit more from global trade liberalization. 2017-09-07T17:53:16Z 2017-09-07T17:53:16Z 2009-06 Working Paper Document de travail Documento de trabajo http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/117051468015593889/Would-trade-liberalization-help-the-poor-of-Brazil https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28171 English en_US Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;106 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |