China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target
This policy note is a summary of the findings of a joint study of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the World Bank. The policy note is organized as follows: the next section, 'in the shadow of king coal,' provides a brief history of the development of renewable energy (RE) in China during the last three decades, which were characterized by the dominance of coal. 'Optimizing RE targets' is dedicated to the calculation of the optimal RE solutions (share of primary energy consumption and technology mix). 'China's envisaged RE target: aiming high' focuses on the evaluation of the existing and envisaged government RE targets based on the same economic, technical, and externality assumptions used for the optimization. 'Two birds with one stone: environmental protection and industrial development' is dedicated to the comparison of the government targets and optimal solutions and the analysis of incremental costs associated with them. 'The policy fundamentals on the right track' focuses on the impact of the development of RE programs on the costs of electricity generation and how to pay for it. 'Someone has to pay!' provides high-level policy recommendations that could speed up the scale-up of RE and reduce incremental costs to society. The final section, 'toward a greener future,' provides recommendations based on the results of the study to achieve scale-up of RE at minimal cost.
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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES |
| spellingShingle |
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES World Bank China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| description |
This policy note is a summary of the
findings of a joint study of the Energy Research Institute
of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the
World Bank. The policy note is organized as follows: the
next section, 'in the shadow of king coal,'
provides a brief history of the development of renewable
energy (RE) in China during the last three decades, which
were characterized by the dominance of coal.
'Optimizing RE targets' is dedicated to the
calculation of the optimal RE solutions (share of primary
energy consumption and technology mix). 'China's
envisaged RE target: aiming high' focuses on the
evaluation of the existing and envisaged government RE
targets based on the same economic, technical, and
externality assumptions used for the optimization. 'Two
birds with one stone: environmental protection and
industrial development' is dedicated to the comparison
of the government targets and optimal solutions and the
analysis of incremental costs associated with them.
'The policy fundamentals on the right track'
focuses on the impact of the development of RE programs on
the costs of electricity generation and how to pay for it.
'Someone has to pay!' provides high-level policy
recommendations that could speed up the scale-up of RE and
reduce incremental costs to society. The final section,
'toward a greener future,' provides
recommendations based on the results of the study to achieve
scale-up of RE at minimal cost. |
| format |
Policy Note |
| topic_facet |
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| title_short |
China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| title_full |
China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| title_fullStr |
China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| title_full_unstemmed |
China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target |
| title_sort |
china's envisaged renewable energy target |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/409621468212990907/Chinas-envisaged-renewable-energy-target-the-green-leap-forward https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27851 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT worldbank chinasenvisagedrenewableenergytarget AT worldbank thegreenleapforward |
| _version_ |
1807154272558645248 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986278512024-08-08T15:55:03Z China's Envisaged Renewable Energy Target The Green Leap Forward World Bank ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM ANNUAL CAPACITY FACTOR ANNUAL ELECTRICITY ANNUAL ELECTRICITY SALES APPROACH BIOGAS BIOGAS UTILIZATION BIOMASS BIOMASS FUEL BIOMASS GENERATION BIOMASS INDUSTRY BIOMASS MIGHT BIOMASS PRICE BIRDS CALCULATION CAPACITY FACTOR CAPACITY FACTORS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 COAL COAL CONSUMPTION COAL GENERATION COAL PLANT COAL PRICE COLORS COST OF COAL COST OF ELECTRICITY COST PER KILOWATT COSTS OF ELECTRICITY ELECTRIC SYSTEM ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRICE ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SALES ELECTRICITY TARIFFS EMISSION EMISSIONS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY PRICES ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOSSIL FOSSIL FUEL FUEL COST FUEL ETHANOL GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION UNITS GLOBAL POLLUTANTS GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID CONNECTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HYDROPOWER HYDROPOWER PLANT HYDROPOWER REHABILITATION INCOME KILOWATT-HOUR NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NOX NUCLEAR CAPACITY NUCLEAR ENERGY ONSHORE WIND PARTICULATES PEAK LOAD PHOTOVOLTAIC CAPACITY PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTANTS POLLUTION POWER ENGINEERING POWER GENERATORS POWER GRIDS POWER PLANTS POWER SECTOR PP PRICE OF COAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY REGIONAL GRID RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SMALL HYDROPOWER SO2 SOLAR POWER SOLID BIOMASS SOLID WASTE SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SUPPLY CURVE SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE ENERGY THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TONS OF CARBON TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT TOTAL ENERGY TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND TURBINES WIND WIND CAPACITY WIND DEVELOPMENT WIND FARMS WIND INDUSTRY WIND POWER WIND POWER CAPACITY WIND POWER DEVELOPMENT WIND PROJECT WIND RESOURCES This policy note is a summary of the findings of a joint study of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the World Bank. The policy note is organized as follows: the next section, 'in the shadow of king coal,' provides a brief history of the development of renewable energy (RE) in China during the last three decades, which were characterized by the dominance of coal. 'Optimizing RE targets' is dedicated to the calculation of the optimal RE solutions (share of primary energy consumption and technology mix). 'China's envisaged RE target: aiming high' focuses on the evaluation of the existing and envisaged government RE targets based on the same economic, technical, and externality assumptions used for the optimization. 'Two birds with one stone: environmental protection and industrial development' is dedicated to the comparison of the government targets and optimal solutions and the analysis of incremental costs associated with them. 'The policy fundamentals on the right track' focuses on the impact of the development of RE programs on the costs of electricity generation and how to pay for it. 'Someone has to pay!' provides high-level policy recommendations that could speed up the scale-up of RE and reduce incremental costs to society. The final section, 'toward a greener future,' provides recommendations based on the results of the study to achieve scale-up of RE at minimal cost. 2017-08-15T19:06:03Z 2017-08-15T19:06:03Z 2010 Policy Note Document de politique générale Documento de políticas http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/409621468212990907/Chinas-envisaged-renewable-energy-target-the-green-leap-forward https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27851 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC |