Holding on to Monrovia

A key driver of Liberia's re-emergence from utter destruction, between 2004 and 2008, was the willingness of international actors to accept the responsibility and risks associated with stabilization. This was accomplished by confronting these risks directly, even at the cost of temporarily filling institutional voids and sharing sovereignty with the Liberian transitional authorities. The main international diplomatic representations and aid agencies on the ground came to accept from their varying perspectives that peace in Liberia was fragile and that the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (ACPA) of September 2003 was only the beginning of a protracted stabilization effort. The domestic market for consultants and goods did not exist, requiring the World Bank to innovate with new modes of delivering assistance. Thus, peace consolidation compelled international partners to simultaneously (i) prevent full state capture by corrupt elites in advance of elections and (ii) secure a peace dividend to vulnerable groups which could most directly threaten peace (young ex-combatants and refugees). Building on a solid UN-World Bank partnership, the international community found the internal consensus to address each of the two complementary peace consolidation challenges, adopting two highly innovative instruments: (i) an anti-corruption scheme labeled Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP), involving such robust measures as expatriate co-signing authority, and (ii) a short-term employment-generation scheme now known as roads-with- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), centered on a rare direct collaboration between the Bank and the engineering units of the UN's military peacekeeping force on the ground. This paper examines these two instruments more closely, in their successes and failures as well as from the perspective of temporary shared sovereignty and co-production.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Giovine, Luigi, Krech, Robert, Ionkova, Kremena, Bach, Kathryn
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-07
Subjects:	ALLIANCE, AMBASSADOR, ANTI-CORRUPTION, ANTICORRUPTION, ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION, ARMED CONFLICTS, AUTHORITY, BASIC SERVICES, BATTLE, BEST PRACTICE, BEST PRACTICES, BILATERAL AGENCIES, BUREAUCRACY, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING, CITIZENS, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL SERVANT, CIVIL SERVANTS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, COLLAPSE, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMPETITIVE BIDDING, COMPROMISES, CONFLICT, CONSENSUS, CONSTITUENCIES, CORRUPT, CORRUPT OFFICIALS, CORRUPT PRACTICES, CORRUPTION, CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION, CRIME, CRIMINAL, DEMOBILIZATION, DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DIPLOMACY, DISARMAMENT, DISENGAGEMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELECTIONS, EMBASSY, EMBEZZLEMENT, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EX-COMBATANT, EX-COMBATANTS, EXCOMBATANTS, EXECUTION, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT, EXTERNAL DEBT, EXTERNAL INTERVENTION, FIGHTING, FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FISCAL POLICY, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN POLICY, FOUNDATIONS, FRAUD, FRONTIER, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNANCE REFORM, GOVERNANCE REFORMS, GRAFT, HEAD OF STATE, HEADS OF STATE, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMF, IMMIGRANTS, INCOME, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INITIATIVE, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL REFORM, INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION, INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT, JOB CREATION, JUDICIAL REFORM, JUDICIARY, LACK OF CAPACITY, LEADERSHIP, LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS, LEGITIMACY, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOW INCOME COUNTRIES, MALFEASANCE, MANDATES, MASS UNEMPLOYMENT, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MEETING, MERCENARY, MILITARY INTERVENTION, MINISTERS, MODALITIES, MONOPOLY, NATIONAL INTEREST, NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, NATIONS, NEGOTIATION, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OBSERVERS, PEACE, PEACEKEEPERS, PEACEKEEPING, POLICE, POLITICAL INFLUENCE, POPULATION GROUPS, PRACTITIONERS, PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, PRINT MEDIA, PROGRESS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC AGENCIES, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC FINANCES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INFORMATION, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY, PUBLIC SPENDING, RADIO, REBEL, RECONCILIATION, RECONSTRUCTION, REFUGEES, REHABILITATION, REPATRIATION, REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT, RETURNEES, ROAD, ROADS, RULE OF LAW, SANCTIONS, SANITATION, SELF-RELIANCE, SERVICE DELIVERY, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOVEREIGNTY, STATE APPARATUS, STATE ASSETS, STATE INSTITUTIONS, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, SUPPLY NETWORKS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSPARENCY, TREATY, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, VICTIMS, VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAR, WEAPONS, WORLD DEVELOPMENT, YOUNG MEN, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/174031468263673953/Holding-on-to-Monrovia-protecting-a-fragile-peace-through-economic-governance-and-short-term-employment https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27335
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!