Livestock and Livelihoods in Rural Tanzania : A Descriptive Analysis of the 2009 National Panel Survey

In 2006, the government approved a national livestock policy based on the premise that the livestock industry has an important role to play in building a strong national economy and in the process, reducing inequalities among Tanzanians by increasing their incomes and employment opportunities. This report presents an analysis of rural livelihoods in Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the livestock sub-sector, smallholder farmers' living standards, and issues with access to productive assets. The report attempts to answer basic questions such as: to what extent is keeping livestock an activity of the relatively better off, and to what extent are poorer households able to engage?; how does the role of livestock vary with different levels of income and well-being?; how are livestock holding size and structure associated with differences in welfare, gender, and geography?; how important are input and output markets for small livestock keepers?; what form does this market participation take in practice, and to what extent?; and to what extent do the non-income services of livestock (for example, manure, draught power) benefit crop production? The study is based on data from the Tanzania national panel survey (NPS) collected by the national bureau of statistics (NBS) from October 2008 to October 2009 as part of the first wave of a nationally representative living standards survey. Data was collected using household, agricultural, and community questionnaires in which information was obtained at the individual, household, plot, and community level The report is organized as follows: section one gives background information; description of the data is presented in section two, in section three the authors analyze the composition of rural income, household endowment of human capital, and access to infrastructure and assets, in order to gain an understanding of the level of wellbeing in the rural space. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of small rural livestock owners and their production practices is provided in section four, which highlights the heterogeneity of the households engaged in the livestock sector and presents evidence of the sector's importance to rural livelihoods in terms of both income and consumption. Section five concludes with a discussion of key results and their implications for policy and further analysis.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Covarrubias, Katia, Nsiima, Longin, Zezza, Alberto
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012-06
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL LABORERS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL SERVICES, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AGRICULTURAL WAGE LABOR, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL, ANIMAL BREEDING, ANIMAL DISEASES, ANIMAL ORIGIN, ANIMAL OWNERSHIP, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL VACCINATION, ANIMALS, ANTHRAX, BRUCELLOSIS, BULLS, CALVES, CAMELS, CASH INCOME, CATTLE, CATTLE OWNERSHIP, CATTLE SHEEP, CHEMICAL FERTILIZER, CHICKENS, COMMUNITY GROUP, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA, COWS, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP PRODUCTS, CROPS, DAIRY, DAIRY PRODUCTS, DEVELOPING REGIONS, DISEASE PREVENTION, DISTRIBUTION OF LAND, DIVERSIFIED INCOME PORTFOLIO, DIVERSIFIED INCOME PORTFOLIOS, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DONKEYS, DRAFT ANIMALS, EAST COAST FEVER, ECONOMICS, EGGS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXTENSION SERVICES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARM, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM LABOR, FARM SECTOR, FARMERS, FARMING ACTIVITIES, FARMING HOUSEHOLDS, FARMS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FERTILIZERS, FISHERIES, FODDER, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD EXPENDITURE, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTS, FOOD SECURITY, GENDER, GOATS, HERD COMPOSITION, HERD MANAGEMENT, HERD SIZE, HERD STRUCTURE, HERDERS, HERDS, HIGHLANDS, HORSES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPROVED BREEDS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME FROM LIVESTOCK, INCOME SHARES, INCOMES, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, IRRIGATION, LACK OF CREDIT, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND RESOURCES, LAND SIZE, LANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS, LIVE ANIMALS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, LIVESTOCK ASSETS, LIVESTOCK DATA, LIVESTOCK DISEASE, LIVESTOCK DISEASES, LIVESTOCK EXTENSION, LIVESTOCK HOLDING, LIVESTOCK HUSBANDRY, LIVESTOCK INCOME, LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY, LIVESTOCK KEEPERS, LIVESTOCK KEEPING, LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT, LIVESTOCK MARKET, LIVESTOCK MARKETING, LIVESTOCK OUTPUT, LIVESTOCK OWNERS, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK POLICY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION EXTENSION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LIVESTOCK REARING, LIVESTOCK SALES, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVESTOCK SECTORS, LIVESTOCK SHARE, LIVESTOCK SPECIES, LIVESTOCK STATISTICS, LIVESTOCK SUB-SECTOR, LIVESTOCK SUBSECTOR, LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS, LIVESTOCK UNITS, LIVING STANDARDS, MACRO-REGION, MANURE, MARKETING OF LIVESTOCK, MEAT, MILK, MILK SALES, NATIONAL LIVESTOCK, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PIG, PIGS, POOR SMALLHOLDER, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POULTRY, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PUBLIC SERVICES, RABBITS, RABIES, REDUCTION OF POVERTY, RUMINANTS, RUNNING WATER, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DISPARITIES, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL FEMALE, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS REPORT, RURAL INCOME, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL LIVESTOCK, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL ROADS, RURAL WOMEN, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SHEEP, SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS, SLAUGHTERHOUSES, SMALL RUMINANTS, SMALLHOLDER DEVELOPMENT, SMALLHOLDER FARMERS, SMALLHOLDER SECTOR, SMALLHOLDERS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, STEERS, SUBSISTENCE, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TURKEYS, VACCINATION SERVICES, VACCINES, VETERINARY, VETERINARY SERVICES, WEALTH GROUPS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/06/19356801/livestock-livelihoods-rural-tanzania-descriptive-analysis-2009-national-panel-survey https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17886
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