Ecology, History, and Development : A Perspective from Rural Southeast Asia

The process by which different ecological conditions and historical trajectories interacted to create different social and cultural systems resulted in major differences in economic development performance within Southeast Asia. In the late 19th century, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand commonly experienced vent-for-surplus development through exploitation of unused lands. Nevertheless, different agrarian structures were created. Indonesia s development was mainly based on the exploitation of tropical rain forest under Dutch colonialism. It resulted in the bifurcation of the rural sector between rice-farming peasant proprietors and large plantations for tropical export crops based on hired labor. In the Philippines, exploitation of the same resource base under Spanish rule resulted in pervasive landlessness among the rural population. Relatively homogeneous landowning peasants continued to dominate in Thailand, where delta plains that were suitable only for rice production formed the resource base for development. These different agrarian structures associated with different social value systems have accounted for differential development performance across the three economies in the recent three decades.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Hayami, Yujiro
Format:	Journal Article biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2001-10
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, AGRARIAN REFORM, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION, AGRICULTURAL LABOR, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRICING POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, ARABLE LAND, AUTONOMY, BANANAS, BANKS, CAPITAL REQUIREMENT, CASH CROPS, CASSAVA, CINNAMON, CLOVES, COCOA, COCONUT, COCONUT OIL, COCONUT PRODUCTS, COCONUTS, COFFEE, COMMODITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONTRACT FARMING, COPRA, CORN, COTTAGE INDUSTRIES, COTTON, CROP, CROP PRODUCTION, CROPLAND, CROPPING, CULTIVABLE LAND, CULTIVATED LAND, DISEASES, DIVISION OF LABOR, DRAINAGE, DRY SEASON, ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, ECOLOGICAL FACTORS, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC HISTORY, ECONOMICS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUIPMENT, EXPLOITATION, EXPORT CROPS, EXTENSION, FAO, FARM, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARM INCOME, FARM LAND, FARM PRODUCE, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMS, FERTILIZER, FERTILIZERS, FOOD CROPS, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FREE TRADE, GNP, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HARVESTING, INCIDENCE OF PESTS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTEGRATION, INTERCROPPING, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, KENAF, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INPUTS, LAND DEVELOPMENT, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, LAND REFORM, LAND RESOURCES, LAND TAXES, LAND USE, LAND VALUE, LANDLESS LABORERS, LAWS, LIVESTOCK, LONG-TERM CONTRACTS, MAIZE, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARKET COMPETITION, MARKET VALUE, MIGRATION, MONOPOLY, MULTIPLE CROPPING, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, OLIGARCHY, OPPORTUNITY COST, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, PADDY, PALM OIL, PEPPER, PLANTATIONS, PLANTING, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION GROWTH, POTATOES, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP, PRIVATE PROPERTY, PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS, PRODUCE, PRODUCERS, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC GOODS, QUALITY STANDARDS, RAINFED FARMING, REPLANTING, REPUBLIC, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, RICE, RICE AREAS, RICE CULTIVATION, RICE MILLING, RICE PRODUCTION, RICE RESEARCH, RICE VARIETIES, RICE YIELDS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SEEDLINGS, SEEDS, SHARECROPPING, SHIFTING CULTIVATION, SINGLE CROP, SMALL PRODUCERS, SOIL DEGRADATION, SPECIALIZATION, STATE ENTERPRISES, STREAMS, SUGAR, SUGARCANE, TAX, TAXATION, TEA, TEA INDUSTRY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS, TERRACING, TEXTILES, TILLERS, TRADE FLOWS, TREE CROPS, TREES, TROPICAL CROPS, TROPICAL PRODUCTS, TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS, VILLAGE COMMUNITIES, WAGES, WATER SUPPLY, WEALTH OF NATIONS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/09/17580189/ecology-history-development-perspective-rural-southeast-asia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17131
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