Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s
This paper analyzes the dynamics of poverty and income inequality during the recovery phase of the transition that characterized the Republic of Latvia in the late 1990s. Despite a continued rise in income inequality, empirical evidence suggests an improvement in living standards, owing largely to a significant surge in per capita income growth, particularly in urban areas. In a context of rising income inequality and widening urban-rural income and poverty gaps, the benefits of growth were not equally distributed, and poverty persisted in a number of regions (particularly the regions of Latgale and Vitzeme) and among some socioeconomic groups (particularly households deriving their main income from social benefits). In addition to income inequality and asset endowments, poverty appears to be highly correlated with a number of labor market-related variables, particularly unemployment, suggesting that the labor market could be an important transmission channel from growth to poverty. However, though positive, the association between poverty and unemployment is non linear, especially in urban areas, where the labor market and demand are the most important channels of transmission through which growth and macroeconomic development affect household income and living standards.
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dig-okr-10986140672024-08-08T17:33:19Z Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s Monga, Celestin Fofack, Hippolyte ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING This paper analyzes the dynamics of poverty and income inequality during the recovery phase of the transition that characterized the Republic of Latvia in the late 1990s. Despite a continued rise in income inequality, empirical evidence suggests an improvement in living standards, owing largely to a significant surge in per capita income growth, particularly in urban areas. In a context of rising income inequality and widening urban-rural income and poverty gaps, the benefits of growth were not equally distributed, and poverty persisted in a number of regions (particularly the regions of Latgale and Vitzeme) and among some socioeconomic groups (particularly households deriving their main income from social benefits). In addition to income inequality and asset endowments, poverty appears to be highly correlated with a number of labor market-related variables, particularly unemployment, suggesting that the labor market could be an important transmission channel from growth to poverty. However, though positive, the association between poverty and unemployment is non linear, especially in urban areas, where the labor market and demand are the most important channels of transmission through which growth and macroeconomic development affect household income and living standards. 2013-06-20T17:57:56Z 2013-06-20T17:57:56Z 2004-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/4843879/dynamics-income-inequality-welfare-latvia-late-1990s https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14067 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.3336 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, D.C. |
| institution |
Banco Mundial |
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| country |
Estados Unidos |
| countrycode |
US |
| component |
Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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biblioteca |
| region |
America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING Monga, Celestin Fofack, Hippolyte Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| description |
This paper analyzes the dynamics of
poverty and income inequality during the recovery phase of
the transition that characterized the Republic of Latvia in
the late 1990s. Despite a continued rise in income
inequality, empirical evidence suggests an improvement in
living standards, owing largely to a significant surge in
per capita income growth, particularly in urban areas. In a
context of rising income inequality and widening urban-rural
income and poverty gaps, the benefits of growth were not
equally distributed, and poverty persisted in a number of
regions (particularly the regions of Latgale and Vitzeme)
and among some socioeconomic groups (particularly households
deriving their main income from social benefits). In
addition to income inequality and asset endowments, poverty
appears to be highly correlated with a number of labor
market-related variables, particularly unemployment,
suggesting that the labor market could be an important
transmission channel from growth to poverty. However, though
positive, the association between poverty and unemployment
is non linear, especially in urban areas, where the labor
market and demand are the most important channels of
transmission through which growth and macroeconomic
development affect household income and living standards. |
| topic_facet |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE GROWTH AGGREGATE INCOME ASSETS INEQUALITY AVERAGE INCOME CONSUMER PRICE INDEX DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES DIVIDENDS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIES OF SCALE ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EXPENDITURES GINI COEFFICIENT GRADUAL INCREASE GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH PROSPECTS GROWTH RATES HIGH INCOME INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISPARITIES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME ELASTICITY INCOME GROUPS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCES INEQUALITY MEASURES INFLATION LABOR MARKET LOW INCOME MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MEAN CONSUMPTION MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIAN INCOME NEGATIVE GROWTH NEGATIVE VALUE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY GAP POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SPENDING PUBLIC TRANSFERS RAPID INCREASE REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVELS RISING INCOME INEQUALITY RISING INEQUALITY RURAL POVERTY SAVINGS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL SECURITY STRUCTURAL REFORMS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TARGETING TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS INCOME INEQUALITY POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INCIDENCE URBAN EMPLOYMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT WELFARE POVERTY ASSESSMENT URBAN POVERTY HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS EMPLOYMENT CREATION LIVING STANDARDS ECONOMIC GROWTH INCOME HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES UNEMPLOYMENT POVERTY HOUSING |
| author |
Monga, Celestin Fofack, Hippolyte |
| author_facet |
Monga, Celestin Fofack, Hippolyte |
| author_sort |
Monga, Celestin |
| title |
Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| title_short |
Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| title_full |
Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| title_fullStr |
Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Dynamics of Income Inequality and Welfare in Latvia in the Late 1990s |
| title_sort |
dynamics of income inequality and welfare in latvia in the late 1990s |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, D.C. |
| publishDate |
2004-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/4843879/dynamics-income-inequality-welfare-latvia-late-1990s https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14067 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT mongacelestin dynamicsofincomeinequalityandwelfareinlatviainthelate1990s AT fofackhippolyte dynamicsofincomeinequalityandwelfareinlatviainthelate1990s |
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1807157889024917504 |