An Analysis of Physical and Monetary Losses of Environmental Health and Natural Resources in India

This study provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; and (iii) indoor air pollution. It also provides estimates based on three natural resource damage categories: (i) agricultural damage from soil salinity, water logging, and soil erosion; (ii) rangeland degradation; and (iii) deforestation. The estimates are based on a combination of Indian data from secondary sources and on the transfer of unit costs of pollution from a range of national and international studies. The study estimates the total cost of environmental degradation in India at about 3.75 trillion rupees (US$80 billion) annually, equivalent to 5.7 percent of gross domestic product in 2009, which is the reference year for most of the damage estimates. Of this total, outdoor air pollution accounts for 1.1 trillion rupees, followed by the cost of indoor air pollution at 0.9 trillion rupees, croplands degradation cost at 0.7 trillion rupees, inadequate water supply and sanitation cost at around at 0.5 trillion rupees, pasture degradation cost at 0.4 trillion rupees, and forest degradation cost at 0.1 trillion rupees.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Mani, Muthukumara, Markandya, Anil, Sagar, Aarsi, Strukova, Elena
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012-10
Subjects:	ADOLESCENTS, ADULT MORTALITY, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGED, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR POLLUTANT, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY MONITORING, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BIG CITIES, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BULLETIN, CANCER, CARBON, CAREGIVERS, CAUSES OF DEATH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, CHILDHOOD DISEASES, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC DISEASE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLINICS, COAL, COASTAL ZONES, COMBUSTION, COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, CONSUMER SURPLUS, CONTINGENT VALUATION, COST OF POLLUTION, CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, CROP LAND, CROP LANDS, DEATHS AMONG CHILDREN, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISABILITY, DISASTERS, DISEASES, DRINKING WATER, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMISTS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, ELDERLY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSIONS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENDPOINTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BURDENS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY MEMBERS, FINE PARTICULATES, FISHERIES, FOREST COVER, FOREST RESOURCES, FORESTRY, FOSSIL FUELS, GASOLINE, GREEN ACCOUNTING, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH BURDEN, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, HEALTH DAMAGE, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH RESEARCH, HEALTH RISKS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS, HOSPITAL WASTE, HOSPITALIZATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WORK, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN HEALTH, HYGIENE, ILL HEALTH, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, INDOOR AIR, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS, INFANT, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INHIBITION, JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, LABOUR MARKET, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LARGE CITIES, LOGGING, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MEDICINES, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MORTALITY REDUCTIONS, MORTALITY RISK, MUNICIPAL WASTE, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NON-USE VALUES, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, OCCUPATIONAL RISK, OIL, OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION, OVERGRAZING, OZONE, PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATE POLLUTION, PASTURES, PATIENTS, PEDIATRICS, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY BRIEF, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONCENTRATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, POLLUTION DAMAGE, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROUPS, POWER PLANTS, PREMATURE DEATH, PREMATURE DEATHS, PREMATURE MORTALITY, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE DOCTORS, PROGRESS, PROVISION OF CARE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES, RANGELANDS, RECREATION, RESPIRATORY DISORDERS, RESPIRATORY ILLNESS, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK FACTORS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK OF DEATH, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY EQUIPMENT, SANITATION, SOCIAL COSTS, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL EROSION, SULFATES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TIMBER, TOLERANCE, TOXICOLOGY, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATIONS, USE VALUE, VULNERABILITY, WASTE, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER SUPPLY, WELFARE ECONOMICS, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WTP, YOUNG CHILDREN,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16812484/analysis-physical-monetary-losses-environmental-health-natural-resources-india https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12065
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