Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect
The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies.
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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John Wiley & Sons
2022
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/276401 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 |
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The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas.
Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests.
We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures.
Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies. |
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) |
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) del Río, Miren Pretzsch, Hans Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo Jactel, H. Coll, Lluis Löf, Magnus Aldea, Jorge Ammer, Christian Avdagić, Admir Barbeito, Ignacio Bielak, Kamil Bravo, Felipe Brazaitis, Gediminas Cerný, Jakub Collet, Catherine Condés, Sonia Drössler, Lars Fabrika, Marek Heym, Michael Holm, Stig Olof Hylen, Gro Jansons, Aris Kurylyak, Viktor Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Metslaid, Marek Motta, Renzo Nord‐Larsen, Thomas Nothdurft, Arne den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Pardos, Marta Poeydebat, Charlotte Ponette, Quentin Pérot, Tomas Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel Sitko, Roman Sramek, Vit Steckel, Mathias Svoboda, Miroslav Verheyen, Kris Vospernik, Sonja Wolff, Barbara Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés |
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del Río, Miren Pretzsch, Hans Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo Jactel, H. Coll, Lluis Löf, Magnus Aldea, Jorge Ammer, Christian Avdagić, Admir Barbeito, Ignacio Bielak, Kamil Bravo, Felipe Brazaitis, Gediminas Cerný, Jakub Collet, Catherine Condés, Sonia Drössler, Lars Fabrika, Marek Heym, Michael Holm, Stig Olof Hylen, Gro Jansons, Aris Kurylyak, Viktor Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Metslaid, Marek Motta, Renzo Nord‐Larsen, Thomas Nothdurft, Arne den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Pardos, Marta Poeydebat, Charlotte Ponette, Quentin Pérot, Tomas Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel Sitko, Roman Sramek, Vit Steckel, Mathias Svoboda, Miroslav Verheyen, Kris Vospernik, Sonja Wolff, Barbara Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés |
spellingShingle |
del Río, Miren Pretzsch, Hans Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo Jactel, H. Coll, Lluis Löf, Magnus Aldea, Jorge Ammer, Christian Avdagić, Admir Barbeito, Ignacio Bielak, Kamil Bravo, Felipe Brazaitis, Gediminas Cerný, Jakub Collet, Catherine Condés, Sonia Drössler, Lars Fabrika, Marek Heym, Michael Holm, Stig Olof Hylen, Gro Jansons, Aris Kurylyak, Viktor Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Metslaid, Marek Motta, Renzo Nord‐Larsen, Thomas Nothdurft, Arne den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Pardos, Marta Poeydebat, Charlotte Ponette, Quentin Pérot, Tomas Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel Sitko, Roman Sramek, Vit Steckel, Mathias Svoboda, Miroslav Verheyen, Kris Vospernik, Sonja Wolff, Barbara Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
author_sort |
del Río, Miren |
title |
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
title_short |
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
title_full |
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
title_fullStr |
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
title_sort |
emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/276401 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 |
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dig-inia-es-10261-2764012022-08-23T01:17:42Z Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect del Río, Miren Pretzsch, Hans Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo Jactel, H. Coll, Lluis Löf, Magnus Aldea, Jorge Ammer, Christian Avdagić, Admir Barbeito, Ignacio Bielak, Kamil Bravo, Felipe Brazaitis, Gediminas Cerný, Jakub Collet, Catherine Condés, Sonia Drössler, Lars Fabrika, Marek Heym, Michael Holm, Stig Olof Hylen, Gro Jansons, Aris Kurylyak, Viktor Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Metslaid, Marek Motta, Renzo Nord‐Larsen, Thomas Nothdurft, Arne den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Pardos, Marta Poeydebat, Charlotte Ponette, Quentin Pérot, Tomas Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel Sitko, Roman Sramek, Vit Steckel, Mathias Svoboda, Miroslav Verheyen, Kris Vospernik, Sonja Wolff, Barbara Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) European Commission National Agency of Agricultural Research (Czech Republic) Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) Estonian Research Council Slovak Research and Development Agency The increasing disturbances in monocultures around the world are testimony to their instability under global change. Many studies have claimed that temporal stability of productivity increases with species richness, although the ecological fundamentals have mainly been investigated through diversity experiments. To adequately manage forest ecosystems, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the effect of mixing species on the temporal stability of productivity and the way in which it is influenced by climate conditions across large geographical areas. Here, we used a unique dataset of 261 stands combining pure and two-species mixtures of four relevant tree species over a wide range of climate conditions in Europe to examine the effect of species mixing on the level and temporal stability of productivity. Structural equation modelling was employed to further explore the direct and indirect influence of climate, overyielding, species asynchrony and additive effect (i.e. temporal stability expected from the species growth in monospecific stands) on temporal stability in mixed forests. We showed that by adding only one tree species to monocultures, the level (overyielding: +6%) and stability (temporal stability: +12%) of stand growth increased significantly. We identified the key effect of temperature on destabilizing stand growth, which may be mitigated by mixing species. We further confirmed asynchrony as the main driver of temporal stability in mixed stands, through both the additive effect and species interactions, which modify between-species asynchrony in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Synthesis and applications. This study highlights the emergent properties associated with mixing two species, which result in resource efficient and temporally stable production systems. We reveal the negative impact of mean temperature on temporal stability of forest productivity and how the stabilizing effect of mixing two species can counterbalance this impact. The overyielding and temporal stability of growth addressed in this paper are essential for ecosystem services closely linked with the level and rhythm of forest growth. Our results underline that mixing two species can be a realistic and effective nature-based climate solution, which could contribute towards meeting EU climate target policies. This study was supported by the projects REFORM (ERA-Net SUMFOREST, PCIN2017-026/-027, MICIN, Spain), CARE4C (Marie Skłodowska-Curie No 778322, HORIZON2020) and CLU-2019-01 - iuFOR-UVa and VA183P20-SMART. J.C. was supported by the National Agency of Agricultural Research (Project No. QK21020307); K.B. by the Polish Government MNiSW 2018–2021 Matching Fund No. 117/H2020/2018; M.M. by Estonian Research Council grant (PRG1586), and EMÜ Projects P180024MIME, P200029MIME; R.S. by the Slovak Research and Development Agency, project No. APVV-18-0390. Peer reviewed 2022-08-22T10:05:23Z 2022-08-22T10:05:23Z 2022 artículo Journal of Applied Ecology (2022) 0021-8901 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/276401 10.1111/1365-2664.14267 1365-2664 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/778322 Publisher's version del Río, Miren; Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo; Holm, Stig Olof; Jansons, Aris; Nord‐Larsen, Thomas; Verheyen, Kris; Bravo-Oviedo, Andrés; Pretzsch, Hans; Jactel, H.; Coll, Lluis; Löf, Magnus; Aldea, Jorge; Ammer, Christian; Avdagić, Admir; Barbeito, Ignacio; Bielak, Kamil; Bravo, Felipe; Brazaitis, Gediminas; Cerný, Jakub; Collet, Catherine; Condés, Sonia; Drössler, Lars; Fabrika, Marek; Heym, Michael; Hylen, Gro; Kurylyak, Viktor; Lombardi, Fabio; Matović, Bratislav; Metslaid, Marek; Motta, Renzo; Nothdurft, Arne; den Ouden, Jan; Pach, Maciej; Pardos, Marta; Poeydebat, Charlotte; Ponette, Quentin; Pérot, Tomas; Reventlow, Ditlev Otto Juel; Sitko, Roman; Sramek, Vit; Steckel, Mathias; Svoboda, Miroslav; Vospernik, Sonja; Wolff, Barbara; Zlatanov, Tzvetan; 2022; Emerging stability of forest productivity by mixing two species buffers temperature destabilizing effect [Dataset]; Dryad; Version 3; https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.0rxwdbs3r https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14267 Sí open application/pdf John Wiley & Sons |