Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates
Small-scale turbulence and parasite infection are 2 important factors that govern the dynamics and fate of phytoplankton populations. We experimentally investigated the influence of turbulent mixing on the infectivity of the parasite Parvilucifera sinerae to dinoflagellates. Natural phytoplankton communities were collected during 3 stages of a bloom event in Arenys de Mar Har- bour (NW Mediterranean). The 15 to 60 μm size fraction was used as the inoculum and distributed into spherical flasks. Half of the recipients were exposed to turbulence while the rest were kept still. In the experiments, the dinoflagellate assemblage was mainly composed of Prorocentrum micans, Scrippsiella trochoidea and Alexandrium minutum. We observed a collapse of A. minutum and S. tro- choidea populations in the unshaken flasks, which coincided with an increase in parasite infectivity. After a short exposure to turbulence, the development of the dinoflagellate populations slowed down and stabilised as expected. In the shaken treatments, the infectivity was lower and the decay in the host cells numbers was delayed compared to the still treatments. The degree of interference of the turbulence with infectivity varied among the experiments, due to differences in cell abundances and possibly their physiological state. Results from a numerical model suggest that turbulence could lead to a 25 to 30% decrease in the maximum infection rate, which could be due to host population disper- sion and/or reduced host–parasite contact times. Turbulence may thus be effective in delaying the initial infection, but not in preventing it
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Format: | artículo biblioteca |
Language: | English |
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2011-10-08
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Subjects: | Dinoflagellates, Infectivity, Parvilucifera sinerae, Parasite, Small-scale turbulence, Sporangia, Numerical model, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/40831 |
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dig-icm-es-10261-408312022-12-14T10:23:54Z Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates Llaveria, Gisela Garcés, Esther Ross, Oliver N. Figueroa, Rosa Isabel Sampedro, Nagore Berdalet, Elisa Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model Small-scale turbulence and parasite infection are 2 important factors that govern the dynamics and fate of phytoplankton populations. We experimentally investigated the influence of turbulent mixing on the infectivity of the parasite Parvilucifera sinerae to dinoflagellates. Natural phytoplankton communities were collected during 3 stages of a bloom event in Arenys de Mar Har- bour (NW Mediterranean). The 15 to 60 μm size fraction was used as the inoculum and distributed into spherical flasks. Half of the recipients were exposed to turbulence while the rest were kept still. In the experiments, the dinoflagellate assemblage was mainly composed of Prorocentrum micans, Scrippsiella trochoidea and Alexandrium minutum. We observed a collapse of A. minutum and S. tro- choidea populations in the unshaken flasks, which coincided with an increase in parasite infectivity. After a short exposure to turbulence, the development of the dinoflagellate populations slowed down and stabilised as expected. In the shaken treatments, the infectivity was lower and the decay in the host cells numbers was delayed compared to the still treatments. The degree of interference of the turbulence with infectivity varied among the experiments, due to differences in cell abundances and possibly their physiological state. Results from a numerical model suggest that turbulence could lead to a 25 to 30% decrease in the maximum infection rate, which could be due to host population disper- sion and/or reduced host–parasite contact times. Turbulence may thus be effective in delaying the initial infection, but not in preventing it This study was supported by the Span- ish funded projects TURDITOX (CTM2005-03547/MAR), TURECOTOX (CTM2006-13884-C02-00/MAR; endorsed by GEOHAB, www.geohab.info) and PARAL (CTM2009-08399). G.L. held an FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Sci- ence and Education (SMSE). O.N.R. was a JAE-postdoctoral fellow of the CSIC and is currently a Marie Curie fellow (FP7 IEF proposal no. 255396). The work of R.F. and E.G. was supported by ‘I3P’ and ‘Ramon y Cajal’ postdoctoral contracts, respectively, of the SMSE. We thank the Agència Catalana de l’Aigua (ACA, Departament de Medi Ambient, Generalitat de Catalunya) for its cooperation in providing information from the monitoring program Peer reviewed 2011-10-08T16:06:46Z 2011-10-08T16:06:46Z 2011-10-08 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Marine Ecology Progress Series 412: 45-56 (2010) 0171-8630 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/40831 10.3354/meps08663 1616-1599 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# FP7 IEF proposal no. 255396 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08663 open |
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Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model |
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Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model Llaveria, Gisela Garcés, Esther Ross, Oliver N. Figueroa, Rosa Isabel Sampedro, Nagore Berdalet, Elisa Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
description |
Small-scale turbulence and parasite infection are 2 important factors that govern the dynamics and fate of phytoplankton populations. We experimentally investigated the influence of turbulent mixing on the infectivity of the parasite Parvilucifera sinerae to dinoflagellates. Natural phytoplankton communities were collected during 3 stages of a bloom event in Arenys de Mar Har- bour (NW Mediterranean). The 15 to 60 μm size fraction was used as the inoculum and distributed into spherical flasks. Half of the recipients were exposed to turbulence while the rest were kept still. In the experiments, the dinoflagellate assemblage was mainly composed of Prorocentrum micans, Scrippsiella trochoidea and Alexandrium minutum. We observed a collapse of A. minutum and S. tro- choidea populations in the unshaken flasks, which coincided with an increase in parasite infectivity. After a short exposure to turbulence, the development of the dinoflagellate populations slowed down and stabilised as expected. In the shaken treatments, the infectivity was lower and the decay in the host cells numbers was delayed compared to the still treatments. The degree of interference of the turbulence with infectivity varied among the experiments, due to differences in cell abundances and possibly their physiological state. Results from a numerical model suggest that turbulence could lead to a 25 to 30% decrease in the maximum infection rate, which could be due to host population disper- sion and/or reduced host–parasite contact times. Turbulence may thus be effective in delaying the initial infection, but not in preventing it |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Dinoflagellates Infectivity Parvilucifera sinerae Parasite Small-scale turbulence Sporangia Numerical model |
author |
Llaveria, Gisela Garcés, Esther Ross, Oliver N. Figueroa, Rosa Isabel Sampedro, Nagore Berdalet, Elisa |
author_facet |
Llaveria, Gisela Garcés, Esther Ross, Oliver N. Figueroa, Rosa Isabel Sampedro, Nagore Berdalet, Elisa |
author_sort |
Llaveria, Gisela |
title |
Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
title_short |
Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
title_full |
Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
title_fullStr |
Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
title_full_unstemmed |
Small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
title_sort |
small-scale turbulence can reduce parasite infectivity to dinoflagellates |
publishDate |
2011-10-08 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/40831 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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