Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime
Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is a destructive disease of citrus crops, worldwide. Typical ACC symptoms were observed on Mexican lime trees in the Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, where the disease had been thought to be eradicated after its first occurrence in the late 1980ies. It was postulated that insufficient uprooting and burning of infected as well as neighboring symptomless trees proved to have been insufficient. This study aimed to 1) investigate the characteristics of ACC lesions and characterize the pathogen (s) associated with Mexican lime symptoms in the Makkah Province to facilitate early and effective detection, and eventual control, 2) characterize the strain of Xcc involved in the newly observed infections and 3) determine the extent of the disease in the province (incidence and severity). ACC was found to be widespread, with an average incidence of 80% in Al-Jumum and 100% in Khulays regions, and severity ranged from 10 to 40%. The identity of the ACC causal agent was confirmed by multiplex real-time PCR and CRISPR typing (cas1 gene) as Xcc. Using CRISPR typing, six strains were identified as spoligotype 10 (A* lineage 4.2), determined on Saudi strains isolated in the 1980s. One strain was identified as a new spoligotype (Makkah 7), most closely related to spoligotype 9 (A* lineage 4.1). Based on our results, it appears that the Xcc variants that occur in the regions Al-Jumum and Khulays have a similar host range to that of Xcc-A*. This confirms the larger geographical distribution of pathotype A*, and this is the second outbreak of ACC in the Makkah Province after some 20 years of supposed absence. The recent rediscovery of ACC-infected trees of Mexican lime in Makkah Province indicates the need for a more frequent survey schedule and a strict tree removal program for better control of ACC.
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Subjects: | H20 - Maladies des plantes, maladie des plantes, maladie bactérienne, Citrus aurantiifolia, Xanthomonas campestris citri, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822, |
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dig-cirad-fr-6063532024-01-29T04:40:32Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/606353/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/606353/ Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime. Ibrahim Yasser Eid, Widyawan Arya, Sharafaddin Anwar Hamoud, Pruvost Olivier, Boyer Karine, Al-Saleh Mohammed A.. 2023. Journal of Plant Pathology, 105 (3) : 805-815.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7> Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime Ibrahim, Yasser Eid Widyawan, Arya Sharafaddin, Anwar Hamoud Pruvost, Olivier Boyer, Karine Al-Saleh, Mohammed A. eng 2023 Journal of Plant Pathology H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 Arabie Saoudite http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is a destructive disease of citrus crops, worldwide. Typical ACC symptoms were observed on Mexican lime trees in the Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, where the disease had been thought to be eradicated after its first occurrence in the late 1980ies. It was postulated that insufficient uprooting and burning of infected as well as neighboring symptomless trees proved to have been insufficient. This study aimed to 1) investigate the characteristics of ACC lesions and characterize the pathogen (s) associated with Mexican lime symptoms in the Makkah Province to facilitate early and effective detection, and eventual control, 2) characterize the strain of Xcc involved in the newly observed infections and 3) determine the extent of the disease in the province (incidence and severity). ACC was found to be widespread, with an average incidence of 80% in Al-Jumum and 100% in Khulays regions, and severity ranged from 10 to 40%. The identity of the ACC causal agent was confirmed by multiplex real-time PCR and CRISPR typing (cas1 gene) as Xcc. Using CRISPR typing, six strains were identified as spoligotype 10 (A* lineage 4.2), determined on Saudi strains isolated in the 1980s. One strain was identified as a new spoligotype (Makkah 7), most closely related to spoligotype 9 (A* lineage 4.1). Based on our results, it appears that the Xcc variants that occur in the regions Al-Jumum and Khulays have a similar host range to that of Xcc-A*. This confirms the larger geographical distribution of pathotype A*, and this is the second outbreak of ACC in the Makkah Province after some 20 years of supposed absence. The recent rediscovery of ACC-infected trees of Mexican lime in Makkah Province indicates the need for a more frequent survey schedule and a strict tree removal program for better control of ACC. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/606353/7/606353.pdf text Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7 10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01364-7 |
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H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 |
spellingShingle |
H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 Ibrahim, Yasser Eid Widyawan, Arya Sharafaddin, Anwar Hamoud Pruvost, Olivier Boyer, Karine Al-Saleh, Mohammed A. Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
description |
Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is a destructive disease of citrus crops, worldwide. Typical ACC symptoms were observed on Mexican lime trees in the Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia, where the disease had been thought to be eradicated after its first occurrence in the late 1980ies. It was postulated that insufficient uprooting and burning of infected as well as neighboring symptomless trees proved to have been insufficient. This study aimed to 1) investigate the characteristics of ACC lesions and characterize the pathogen (s) associated with Mexican lime symptoms in the Makkah Province to facilitate early and effective detection, and eventual control, 2) characterize the strain of Xcc involved in the newly observed infections and 3) determine the extent of the disease in the province (incidence and severity). ACC was found to be widespread, with an average incidence of 80% in Al-Jumum and 100% in Khulays regions, and severity ranged from 10 to 40%. The identity of the ACC causal agent was confirmed by multiplex real-time PCR and CRISPR typing (cas1 gene) as Xcc. Using CRISPR typing, six strains were identified as spoligotype 10 (A* lineage 4.2), determined on Saudi strains isolated in the 1980s. One strain was identified as a new spoligotype (Makkah 7), most closely related to spoligotype 9 (A* lineage 4.1). Based on our results, it appears that the Xcc variants that occur in the regions Al-Jumum and Khulays have a similar host range to that of Xcc-A*. This confirms the larger geographical distribution of pathotype A*, and this is the second outbreak of ACC in the Makkah Province after some 20 years of supposed absence. The recent rediscovery of ACC-infected trees of Mexican lime in Makkah Province indicates the need for a more frequent survey schedule and a strict tree removal program for better control of ACC. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
H20 - Maladies des plantes maladie des plantes maladie bactérienne Citrus aurantiifolia Xanthomonas campestris citri http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5962 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_770 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1638 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36120 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6822 |
author |
Ibrahim, Yasser Eid Widyawan, Arya Sharafaddin, Anwar Hamoud Pruvost, Olivier Boyer, Karine Al-Saleh, Mohammed A. |
author_facet |
Ibrahim, Yasser Eid Widyawan, Arya Sharafaddin, Anwar Hamoud Pruvost, Olivier Boyer, Karine Al-Saleh, Mohammed A. |
author_sort |
Ibrahim, Yasser Eid |
title |
Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
title_short |
Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
title_full |
Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
title_fullStr |
Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
title_full_unstemmed |
Re-occurrence of Asiatic citrus canker in the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia and characterization of the causal agent Xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from Mexican lime |
title_sort |
re-occurrence of asiatic citrus canker in the makkah province of saudi arabia and characterization of the causal agent xanthomonas citri pv. citri isolated from mexican lime |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/606353/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/606353/7/606353.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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