Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts
The distribution of parasites in hosts is typically aggregated: a few hosts harbour many parasites, while the remainder of hosts are virtually parasite free. The origin of this almost universal pattern is central to our understanding of host-parasite interactions; it affects many facets of their ecology and evolution. Despite this, the standard statistical framework used to characterize parasite aggregation does not describe the processes generating such a pattern. In this work, we have developed a mathematical framework for the distribution of parasites in hosts, starting from a simple statistical description in terms of two fundamental processes: the exposure of hosts to parasites and the infection success of parasites. This description allows the level of aggregation of parasites in hosts to be related to the random variation in these two processes and to true host heterogeneity. We show that random variation can generate an aggregated distribution and that the common view, that encounters and success are two equivalent filters, applies to the average parasite burden under neutral assumptions but it does not apply to the variance of the parasite burden, and it is not true when heterogeneity between hosts is incorporated in the model. We find that aggregation decreases linearly with the number of encounters, but it depends non-linearly on parasite success. We also find additional terms in the variance of the parasite burden which contribute to the actual level of aggregation in specific biological systems. We have derived the formal expressions of these contributions, and these provide new opportunities to analyse empirical data and tackle the complexity of the origin of aggregation in various host-parasite associations.
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dig-cirad-fr-5785042024-01-29T05:33:43Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578504/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578504/ Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts. Gourbière Sébastien, Morand Serge, Waxman David. 2015. PloS One, 10 (2):e0116893, 17 p.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116893 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116893> Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts Gourbière, Sébastien Morand, Serge Waxman, David eng 2015 PloS One L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 The distribution of parasites in hosts is typically aggregated: a few hosts harbour many parasites, while the remainder of hosts are virtually parasite free. The origin of this almost universal pattern is central to our understanding of host-parasite interactions; it affects many facets of their ecology and evolution. Despite this, the standard statistical framework used to characterize parasite aggregation does not describe the processes generating such a pattern. In this work, we have developed a mathematical framework for the distribution of parasites in hosts, starting from a simple statistical description in terms of two fundamental processes: the exposure of hosts to parasites and the infection success of parasites. This description allows the level of aggregation of parasites in hosts to be related to the random variation in these two processes and to true host heterogeneity. We show that random variation can generate an aggregated distribution and that the common view, that encounters and success are two equivalent filters, applies to the average parasite burden under neutral assumptions but it does not apply to the variance of the parasite burden, and it is not true when heterogeneity between hosts is incorporated in the model. We find that aggregation decreases linearly with the number of encounters, but it depends non-linearly on parasite success. We also find additional terms in the variance of the parasite burden which contribute to the actual level of aggregation in specific biological systems. We have derived the formal expressions of these contributions, and these provide new opportunities to analyse empirical data and tackle the complexity of the origin of aggregation in various host-parasite associations. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578504/1/journal.pone.0116893.pdf text cc_by info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116893 10.1371/journal.pone.0116893 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116893 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116893 |
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L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 |
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L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 Gourbière, Sébastien Morand, Serge Waxman, David Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
description |
The distribution of parasites in hosts is typically aggregated: a few hosts harbour many parasites, while the remainder of hosts are virtually parasite free. The origin of this almost universal pattern is central to our understanding of host-parasite interactions; it affects many facets of their ecology and evolution. Despite this, the standard statistical framework used to characterize parasite aggregation does not describe the processes generating such a pattern. In this work, we have developed a mathematical framework for the distribution of parasites in hosts, starting from a simple statistical description in terms of two fundamental processes: the exposure of hosts to parasites and the infection success of parasites. This description allows the level of aggregation of parasites in hosts to be related to the random variation in these two processes and to true host heterogeneity. We show that random variation can generate an aggregated distribution and that the common view, that encounters and success are two equivalent filters, applies to the average parasite burden under neutral assumptions but it does not apply to the variance of the parasite burden, and it is not true when heterogeneity between hosts is incorporated in the model. We find that aggregation decreases linearly with the number of encounters, but it depends non-linearly on parasite success. We also find additional terms in the variance of the parasite burden which contribute to the actual level of aggregation in specific biological systems. We have derived the formal expressions of these contributions, and these provide new opportunities to analyse empirical data and tackle the complexity of the origin of aggregation in various host-parasite associations. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux L20 - Écologie animale relation hôte parasite hôte parasitisme parasite distribution géographique dynamique des populations interactions biologiques transmission des maladies comportement sexuel relation hôte pathogène contrôle de maladies modèle mathématique comportement social vecteur de maladie http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11620 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3673 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5577 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49896 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7015 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2327 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24199 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7129 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8164 |
author |
Gourbière, Sébastien Morand, Serge Waxman, David |
author_facet |
Gourbière, Sébastien Morand, Serge Waxman, David |
author_sort |
Gourbière, Sébastien |
title |
Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
title_short |
Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
title_full |
Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
title_fullStr |
Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
title_sort |
fundamental factors determining the nature of parasite aggregation in hosts |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578504/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578504/1/journal.pone.0116893.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT gourbieresebastien fundamentalfactorsdeterminingthenatureofparasiteaggregationinhosts AT morandserge fundamentalfactorsdeterminingthenatureofparasiteaggregationinhosts AT waxmandavid fundamentalfactorsdeterminingthenatureofparasiteaggregationinhosts |
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