Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic
Phylogenetic studies have largely contributed to better understand the emergence, spread and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza during epidemics, but sampling of genetic data has never been detailed enough to allow mapping of the spatiotemporal spread of avian influenza viruses during a single epidemic. Here, we present genetic data of H7N7 viruses produced from 72% of the poultry farms infected during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands. We use phylogenetic analyses to unravel the pathways of virus transmission between farms and between infected areas. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary processes shaping viral genetic diversity, and assess how they could have affected our phylogenetic analyses. Our results show that the H7N7 virus was characterized by a high level of genetic diversity driven mainly by a high neutral substitution rate, purifying selection and limited positive selection. We also identified potential reassortment in the three genes that we have tested, but they had only a limited effect on the resolution of the inter-farm transmission network. Clonal sequencing analyses performed on six farm samples showed that at least one farm sample presented very complex virus diversity and was probably at the origin of chronological anomalies in the transmission network. However, most virus sequences could be grouped within clearly defined and chronologically sound clusters of infection and some likely transmission events between farms located 0.8–13 Km apart were identified. In addition, three farms were found as most likely source of virus introduction in distantly located new areas. These long distance transmission events were likely facilitated by human-mediated transport, underlining the need for strict enforcement of biosafety measures during outbreaks. This study shows that in-depth genetic analysis of virus outbreaks at multiple scales can provide critical information on virus transmission dynamics and can be used to increase our capacity to efficiently control epidemics.
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Subjects: | L73 - Maladies des animaux, Influenzavirus aviaire, épidémiologie, phylogénie, transmission des maladies, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329, |
Online Access: | http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/1/PLoSPatho.pdf |
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dig-cirad-fr-5782172024-01-28T23:03:43Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/ Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic. Bataille Arnaud, van der Meer Frank, Stegeman Arjan, Koch Guus. 2011. PLoS Pathogens, 7 (6):e1002094, 12 p.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094 <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094> Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic Bataille, Arnaud van der Meer, Frank Stegeman, Arjan Koch, Guus eng 2011 PLoS Pathogens L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 Phylogenetic studies have largely contributed to better understand the emergence, spread and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza during epidemics, but sampling of genetic data has never been detailed enough to allow mapping of the spatiotemporal spread of avian influenza viruses during a single epidemic. Here, we present genetic data of H7N7 viruses produced from 72% of the poultry farms infected during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands. We use phylogenetic analyses to unravel the pathways of virus transmission between farms and between infected areas. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary processes shaping viral genetic diversity, and assess how they could have affected our phylogenetic analyses. Our results show that the H7N7 virus was characterized by a high level of genetic diversity driven mainly by a high neutral substitution rate, purifying selection and limited positive selection. We also identified potential reassortment in the three genes that we have tested, but they had only a limited effect on the resolution of the inter-farm transmission network. Clonal sequencing analyses performed on six farm samples showed that at least one farm sample presented very complex virus diversity and was probably at the origin of chronological anomalies in the transmission network. However, most virus sequences could be grouped within clearly defined and chronologically sound clusters of infection and some likely transmission events between farms located 0.8–13 Km apart were identified. In addition, three farms were found as most likely source of virus introduction in distantly located new areas. These long distance transmission events were likely facilitated by human-mediated transport, underlining the need for strict enforcement of biosafety measures during outbreaks. This study shows that in-depth genetic analysis of virus outbreaks at multiple scales can provide critical information on virus transmission dynamics and can be used to increase our capacity to efficiently control epidemics. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/1/PLoSPatho.pdf text Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002094 |
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L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 |
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L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 Bataille, Arnaud van der Meer, Frank Stegeman, Arjan Koch, Guus Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
description |
Phylogenetic studies have largely contributed to better understand the emergence, spread and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza during epidemics, but sampling of genetic data has never been detailed enough to allow mapping of the spatiotemporal spread of avian influenza viruses during a single epidemic. Here, we present genetic data of H7N7 viruses produced from 72% of the poultry farms infected during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands. We use phylogenetic analyses to unravel the pathways of virus transmission between farms and between infected areas. In addition, we investigated the evolutionary processes shaping viral genetic diversity, and assess how they could have affected our phylogenetic analyses. Our results show that the H7N7 virus was characterized by a high level of genetic diversity driven mainly by a high neutral substitution rate, purifying selection and limited positive selection. We also identified potential reassortment in the three genes that we have tested, but they had only a limited effect on the resolution of the inter-farm transmission network. Clonal sequencing analyses performed on six farm samples showed that at least one farm sample presented very complex virus diversity and was probably at the origin of chronological anomalies in the transmission network. However, most virus sequences could be grouped within clearly defined and chronologically sound clusters of infection and some likely transmission events between farms located 0.8–13 Km apart were identified. In addition, three farms were found as most likely source of virus introduction in distantly located new areas. These long distance transmission events were likely facilitated by human-mediated transport, underlining the need for strict enforcement of biosafety measures during outbreaks. This study shows that in-depth genetic analysis of virus outbreaks at multiple scales can provide critical information on virus transmission dynamics and can be used to increase our capacity to efficiently control epidemics. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
L73 - Maladies des animaux Influenzavirus aviaire épidémiologie phylogénie transmission des maladies http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9017 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2615 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2329 |
author |
Bataille, Arnaud van der Meer, Frank Stegeman, Arjan Koch, Guus |
author_facet |
Bataille, Arnaud van der Meer, Frank Stegeman, Arjan Koch, Guus |
author_sort |
Bataille, Arnaud |
title |
Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
title_short |
Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
title_full |
Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
title_fullStr |
Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolutionary analysis of inter-farm Transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
title_sort |
evolutionary analysis of inter-farm transmission dynamics in a highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/578217/1/PLoSPatho.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT bataillearnaud evolutionaryanalysisofinterfarmtransmissiondynamicsinahighlypathogenicavianinfluenzaepidemic AT vandermeerfrank evolutionaryanalysisofinterfarmtransmissiondynamicsinahighlypathogenicavianinfluenzaepidemic AT stegemanarjan evolutionaryanalysisofinterfarmtransmissiondynamicsinahighlypathogenicavianinfluenzaepidemic AT kochguus evolutionaryanalysisofinterfarmtransmissiondynamicsinahighlypathogenicavianinfluenzaepidemic |
_version_ |
1792498930982846464 |