Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds [electronic resource] /

1 Introduction -- 1.1 Objectives of this Study -- 1.2 Literature Review -- 1.3 Theoretical Concepts: Questions and “Answers” -- 1.4 Basic Functional Concepts of the Avian Middle Ear: The Transfer Function -- 1.5 Evolutionary History of Middle Ear Structures -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Species List -- 2.2 Macroscopic Dissections -- 2.3 X-Ray Computed Tomography -- 2.4 Morphometry -- 2.5 Microscopic Investigations -- 2.6 Nomenclature, Synonyms, and Abbreviations -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Species Biology -- 3.2 External Ear Opening: Position, Ear Covers, Form, and Width of Opening -- 3.3 External Auditory Meatus (Meatus acusticus externus): Position and Course, Bordering Structures, and Relation to Fascia and Muscles -- 3.4 Osteology of the Tympanic Region -- 3.5 Tympanic membrane (Membrana tympanica): Position, Orientation, Fixation, and Histology -- 3.6 Tympanic Recesses and Pneumatization of the Neurocranium -- 3.7 Siphonium and Pneumatization of the Mandible and the Quadrate Bone -- 3.8 Pharyngotympanic Tube -- 3.9 Arthrology of the Quadrate Bone -- 3.10 Columella: Stapes and Extracolumella -- 3.11 Ligaments of the Middle Ear -- 3.12 Muscles of the Middle Ear -- 3.13 Nerves -- 3.14 Paratympanic Organ -- 3.15 Arteries -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Towards a Functional Analysis of the Avian Middle Ear -- 4.2 Phylogenetic Implications -- 5 Summary -- 6 References -- 7 Subject Index -- 8 List of Abbreviations and Synonyms Used in Avian Middle Ear Studies.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Starck, J. Matthias. author., SpringerLink (Online service)
Format:	Texto biblioteca
Language:	eng
Published:	Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995
Subjects:	Life sciences., Zoology., Life Sciences.,
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79592-3
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