Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun
Raimon Vidal de Bezaudu(n) (Catalan: ''Ramon Vidal de Besalú'') (flourished early 13th century) was a Catalan troubadour from Besalú. He is notable for authoring the first tract in a Romance language (Occitan) on the subject of grammar and poetry, the ''Razós de trobar'' (c. 1210), a title which translates as "Reasons (or Guidelines) of troubadour composition". He began his career as a joglar and he spent his formative years at the court of Hug de Mataplana, which he often recalls fondly in his poems and songs.In the ''Razós'', Raimon distinguishes the "parladura francesa" (French) from the "cella de Lemosin" (Occitan). He also discusses the art of the listener (''li auzidor'') and his responsibility to understand the troubadour works. Raimon's insistence that the audience understand what is sung and that they keep silent during its singing has been regarded as seminal in the history of classical music. To him, listeners have a responsibility to enquire about what they do not understand (which is "one of the wisest things in the world") and to be true to the quality of the work, praising greatness and condemning poor form. Vidal also took pains to argue for the superiority of ''lemosí'' (or ''Lemozi'', i.e., Occitan) over other vernaculars, prompting the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri to write a ''De Vulgari Eloquentia'' justifying the use of the Tuscan vernacular as opposed to the Occitan. The ''Razós'' ends with an Occitan-Italian glossary. Late in the 13th century, Terramagnino of Pisa wrote a condensed verse form of the ''Razós''. Jofre de Foixà wrote an expanded version, the ''Regles de trobar'', for James II of Sicily.
In addition to the aforementioned tract, there are preserved several fragments of song lyrics and three narrative ''romans''. Among his most famous is ''So fo e·l temps qu'om era gais'', which is fawning in its treatment of Raimon de Miraval, an earlier troubadour. In the ''nova'', Raimon presents two ladies as fighting over one knight. The ''nova'' or ''ensenhamen'' called ''Abril issi'e mays intrava'', which also refers to Miraval (and to the three sons of Henry II of England: ''Enricx'', ''Richartz'', and ''Jofrés''), is an assessment of contemporary literature and one of the best descriptions of the joglar that we possess. Finally, the ''Castiagilós'' is much like a fable, which narrates the story of a jealous husband who is eventually convinced that his suspicions are baseless.
Vidal wrote at the height of the troubadours' popularity and as he himself said:
"all people wish to listen to troubadour songs and to compose (''trobar'') them, including Christians, Saracens, Jews, emperors, princes, kings, dukes, counts, viscounts, vavassours, knights, clerics, townsmen, and villeins."Provided by Wikipedia
''Tota gens Crestiana, Juzeus e Sarazís, emperador, princeps, rei, duc, conte, vesconte, contor, valvasor e tuit autre cavailler e clergues borgés e vilanz.''
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1revista bibliotecaICA ES
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2revista bibliotecaICA ES
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3by Dhar, N. R., Gallego, Rafael, Bueno, C., García Sánchez, Augusto, Dios Vidal, Ramón
Published 1959-06revista bibliotecaICA ES -
4by González García, F., Paneque Guerrero, Guillermo, Mazuelos Vela, Carmen, Dios Vidal, Ramón, Broyer, T. C., Delgado, M.
Published 1962-01revista bibliotecaICA ES -
5by Vidal,Ramon Oliveira, Nascimento,Leandro Costa do, Maurício Costa Mondego,Jorge, Amarante Guimarães Pereira,Gonçalo, Falsarella Carazzolle,Marcelo
Published 2012Digital revistaSCIELO -
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7by Vidal, Ramon, Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, Pot, David, Pereira, Luiz Filipe P., Mondego, Jorge M.C., Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarãesconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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9by Cano Ruiz, J., López González, J. D., Sánchez, Benito, Dios Vidal, Ramón, Ameijeiras, María, Hernando Fernández, Valentín, Jimeno, Luis, Guerra, Ángel
Published 1955-03revista bibliotecaICA ES -
10by Vidal, Ramon, Leroy, Thierry, De Bellis, Fabien, Pot, David, Costa Rodrigues, Gustavo, Guimarães Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante, Carvalho Andrade, Alan, Marraccini, Pierreconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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11by Vidal, Ramon Oliveira, Leroy, Thierry, De Bellis, Fabien, Pot, David, Rodrigues, Gustavo Costa, Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Marraccini, Pierreconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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12by Balbuena Vidal, Ramón autor/a, Gómez Torres, Israel de J. director, Medina Meléndez, José Alfredo asesor, Barrera, Juan F. Doctor asesor 2079
Published 1987Texto bibliotecaECOSUR -
13by Benayas, J., Ball, D., Ortuño, A., Navarro Blaya, S., Esteban Velasco, Eduardo, Lachica Garrido, M., González Peña, Julia María, Dios, Gerardo, Dios Vidal, Ramón, Duchaufour, Ph.
Published 1962-05revista bibliotecaICA ES -
14by Vidal, Ramon, Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, Sampaio, Claudio L.M., Costa, Gustavo G.L., Formighieri, Eduardo F., Pot, David, Mondego, Jorge M.C., Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarãesconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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15by Guitián Ojea, F., Muñoz Taboadela, M., Mazuelos Vela, Carmen, González García, F., Templado, Joaquín, Dios, Gerardo, Dios Vidal, Ramón, Méndez, J., Duchaufour, Ph., Raymond, W. F.
Published 1963-01revista bibliotecaICA ES -
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17by Vidal, Ramon Oliveira, Alekcevetch, Jean Carlos, Leroy, Thierry, De Bellis, Fabien, Pot, David, Rodrigues, Gustavo Costa, Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães, Andrade, Alan Carvalho, Marraccini, Pierreconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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18by Yanagui, Karina, Vidal, Ramon, Ferreira, Lucia Pires, Mondego, Jorge M.C., Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella, Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães, Vieira, Luiz Gonzaga Esteves, Pereira, Luiz Filipe P., Pot, Davidconference_item bibliotecaCIRAD FR
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19by Hernando Fernández, Valentín, Guerra, A., Rodríguez, Julio, Cadahía, Carlos, González, Gaspar, Cosin, Carlos, Fernández Álvarez, Teófilo, García Vicente, José, Hernández Chesa, A., Ameijeiras, María, Sánchez, Benito, Dios Vidal, Ramón
Published 1963-03revista bibliotecaICA ES -
20by Albareda y Herrera, José María, Aleixandre Ferrandis, Vicente, Sánchez Calvo, María del C., Hoyos de Castro, Ángel, Delgado, M., Burriel, F., Rodríguez, A., Dios Vidal, Ramón, Viéitez Cortizo, María Guillermina
Published 1949revista bibliotecaICA ES